ArticleBMC biology2022
Transposable element expansion and low-level piRNA silencing in grasshoppers may cause genome gigantism.
Article in BMC biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Evolutionary dynamics of repetitive elements and genome size in Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of PIWI-Interacting RNA in Urologic Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implications.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Deciphering the genomic characters of Ptygonotus chinghaiensis, a high-altitude grasshopper endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, using low-coverage short-read sequencing.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Rehmannia chingii geneome identifies RcCYP72H7 as an epoxidase in iridoid glycoside biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DNA gains and losses in gigantic genomes do not track differences in transposable element-host silencing interactions.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of Transposable Element Activity and Regulation in the Apennine Yellow-Bellied Toad (Bombina pachypus).Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of satellite DNAs in the evolution of the giant XY sex chromosomes of the flea beetle Omophoita octoguttata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).BMC biology · 2025Article
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- A study of repetitive sequences in the genome ofPeerJ · 2025Article
- A genome survey ofZooKeys · 2025Article
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- A chromosome-level genome assembly of the disco clam, Ctenoides ales.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of Satellite DNA Repeats across the Tettigoniidae Family: Insights from Genomic Analysis.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the Xya riparia genome uncovers the dominance of DNA transposons, LTR/Gypsy elements, and their evolutionary dynamics.BMC genomics · 2024Article
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- Analyses of 600+ insect genomes reveal repetitive element dynamics and highlight biodiversity-scale repeat annotation challenges.Genome research · 2023Article
- Comparative genomics reveals insights into anuran genome size evolution.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Genome Survey Sequencing of the Mole CricketGenes · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTransposable elements (TEs) have been likened to parasites in the genome that reproduce and move ceaselessly in the host, continuously enlarging the host genome. However, the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends animal genomes against the harmful consequences of TE invasion by imposing small-RNA-mediated silencing. Here we compare the TE activity of two grasshopper species with different genome sizes in Acrididae (Locusta migratoria manilensis♀1C = 6.60 pg, Angaracris rhodopa♀1C = 16.36 pg) to ascertain the influence of piRNAs.
resultsWe discovered that repetitive sequences accounted for 74.56% of the genome in A. rhodopa, more than 56.83% in L. migratoria, and the large-genome grasshopper contained a higher TEs proportions. The comparative analysis revealed that 41 TEs (copy number > 500) were shared in both species. The two species exhibited distinct "landscapes" of TE divergence. The TEs outbreaks in the small-genome grasshopper occurred at more ancient times, while the large-genome grasshopper maintains active transposition events in the recent past. Evolutionary history studies on TEs suggest that TEs may be subject to different dynamics and resistances in these two species. We found that TE transcript abundance was higher in the large-genome grasshopper and the TE-derived piRNAs abundance was lower than in the small-genome grasshopper. In addition, we found that the piRNA methylase HENMT, which is underexpressed in the large-genome grasshopper, impedes the piRNA silencing to a lower level.
conclusionsOur study revealed that the abundance of piRNAs is lower in the gigantic genome grasshopper than in the small genome grasshopper. In addition, the key gene HENMT in the piRNA biogenesis pathway (Ping-Pong cycle) in the gigantic genome grasshopper is underexpressed. We hypothesize that low-level piRNA silencing unbalances the original positive correlation between TEs and piRNAs, and triggers TEs to proliferate out of control, which may be one of the reasons for the gigantism of grasshopper genomes.
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