ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers.
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Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macrophage polarization plasticity in pulmonary fibrosis: a review from pathogenesis to therapeutic targeting.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current and emerging therapeutic strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- SPRED2 Negatively Regulates CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- FPR1-Driven Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Axis Promotes Angiogenesis in PAOD.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Timing-Dependent Immunostimulatory Activity of Human IFN-β mRNA in Primary Human Myeloid Cells.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Chronic Radiation-Induced Wounds: Pathogenesis, Current Therapeutic Strategies, and Emerging Regenerative Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hypoxic conditions modulate IL-12 and IFN-γ levels as prognostic markers in intracellular infections: a rat model study.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Single-Dose TACE-Like Injection of Sustained-Release Panobinostat/IL-12 Polymeric Microparticles is Effective in Preclinical Liver Cancer Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Protease-Activated Receptor-2 as a Proteolytic Rheostat in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer: From Mechanism to Biomarker-Guided Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Challenges and prospects of polymeric biomaterials in immune engineering: A review.Journal of biomaterials applications · 2026Review
- Brucea Javanica Oil Attenuates Osteosarcoma Progression by Reprogramming Tumor-associated Macrophages via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Pathway.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Hyaluronic acid-engineered copper sulfide nanoparticles as immunomodulatory metal sulfide photothermal agents for macrophage-assisted osteosarcoma therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The glycolysis-H4K12la-PKM2 positive feedback loop drives M2 polarization of macrophages in colorectal cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
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- Circ_0043582 promotes dental pulp cell injury via miR-940/TRAF3/NF-κB axis in pulpitis.Odontology · 2026Article
- Defective efferocytosis in diabetes: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- IGF2BP2 Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Is Associated with MAPK Signaling and Macrophage-Related Immune Features.ACS omega · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.