ReviewThe Lancet. Public health2022
COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities.
Review in The Lancet. Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gini coefficient, GDP per capita and COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review of ecologic studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in people living with HIV.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- A Comparative Analysis of Aging Across Causes of Death.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Contributions of prior health and vaccination to inequality in COVID-19 mortality by income: analysis of administrative microdata for the non-institutionalized Dutch population.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Using classification and regression trees (CART) to investigate unknown ethnicity records in NHS emergency care data.BMJ open · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Obesity as a Potential Explanatory Factor in the Association Between Socioeconomic Position and Multidimensional Cardiometabolic Risk.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of acute admissions for interstitial lung disease suggests a complex, multifactorial association between social deprivation and 90-day all-cause mortality: data from the North West of England.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Observational
- Patterns and determinants of COVID-19 mortality in Bangladesh: insights from three health and demographic surveillance systems across diverse socio-environmental settings.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- The intersection of health inequalities and COVID-19: Evidence from National Health Insurance Big Data in South Korea.American journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Who is worthy of protection? Revisiting a theoretical model on the social origins of health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Review
- Green Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) and Carbon Dots (CDs) Mediated with Erythrina caffra for Potential Antiviral Properties Against SARS-CoV-2.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Collecting Accurate and Robust Equity (CARE) data: an analysis of a pilot quality improvement initiative in ambulatory settings.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- An Ecological Study on the Mortality Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic According to Country Development Status and Pandemic Years.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social connection before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the Belgian Health Interview Survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Mapping strategies for reducing inequalities in adult elective surgical care in the United Kingdom: a living scoping review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic has not influenced survival outcomes of head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinomas in the West of Scotland: a retrospective cohort study.BJC reports · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 has exacerbated endemic health inequalities resulting in a syndemic pandemic of higher mortality and morbidity rates among the most socially disadvantaged. We did a scoping review to identify and synthesise published evidence on geographical inequalities in COVID-19 mortality rates globally. We included peer-reviewed studies, from any country, written in English that showed any area-level (eg, neighbourhood, town, city, municipality, or region) inequalities in mortality by socioeconomic deprivation (ie, measured via indices of multiple deprivation: the percentage of people living in poverty or proxy factors including the Gini coefficient, employment rates, or housing tenure). 95 papers from five WHO global regions were included in the final synthesis. A large majority of the studies (n=86) found that COVID-19 mortality rates were higher in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage than in affluent areas. The subsequent discussion reflects on how the unequal nature of the pandemic has resulted from a syndemic of COVID-19 and endemic inequalities in chronic disease burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.