ArticleEndocrine reviews2023
Hypomagnesemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in Endocrine reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Magnesium Supplementation Modulates T-cell Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Low Serum Magnesium Levels.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Oral magnesium supplementation does not affect insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium: a randomised controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2024Trial
- Magnesium: Hype and Health Benefits.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Magnesium as a Bioenergetic Checkpoint Linking Mitochondrial Function, Metabolic Disease, and Aging.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Association between electrolyte disturbance score and 30-day severe disturbance of consciousness and in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective observational cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Observational
- Joint association of atherogenic index of plasma and estimated glucose disposal rate with new-onset cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a 9-year nationwide prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Flummoxed by the flaps - case report.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Magnesium Deficiency Accelerates Gut Aging and Increases Susceptibility to Colitis.Aging cell · 2026Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and DPP4 inhibitors and the risk of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes: A target trial emulation.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Association between dietary magnesium intake and diabetic kidney disease among American adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Diabetes-induced Multiorgan Damage: Can Magnesium Delay the process?Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- HNF1B-MODY (MODY-5): a rare form of diabetes with multisystemic features-two case reports.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are negatively correlated with hypomagnesemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Magnesium Level and Related Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional StudyEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Long-Term Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in the Mineral Nutrient's Bioavailability.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Review
- Dysregulation of mineral metabolism: association of albumin-corrected calcium and vitamin D with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes-a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Food as Medicine for Hypertension: Microbiota as Mediators.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Review
- Role of Serum Magnesium Deficiency in Insulin Resistance Among Overweight and Obese Children: A Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is 10-fold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) than in the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ intake, gut microbiome composition, medication use, and presumably genetics. Hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, which subsequently increases the risk to develop T2D or deteriorates glycemic control in existing diabetes. Mg2+ supplementation decreases T2D-associated features like dyslipidemia and inflammation, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between serum Mg2+ and the risk of developing heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and microvascular disease in T2D. The potential protective effect of Mg2+ on HF and AF may be explained by reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling in the heart. In microvascular disease, Mg2+ reduces the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improves endothelial dysfunction; however, clinical studies assessing the effect of long-term Mg2+ supplementation on CVD incidents are lacking, and gaps remain on how Mg2+ may reduce CVD risk in T2D. Despite the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in people with T2D, routine screening of Mg2+ deficiency to provide Mg2+ supplementation when needed is not implemented in clinical care as sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is common in people with T2D and is involved both as cause, probably through molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and as consequence and is prospectively associated with development of HF, AF, and microvascular complications. Whether long-term supplementation of Mg2+ is beneficial, however, remains to be determined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.