ReviewImmunity2022
Innate immune mechanisms of mRNA vaccines.
Review in Immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07053072 (A Prospective，Single Arm Clinicial Trial Evaluating PD-1 mRNA LNP Vaccine for the Treatment of Advanced Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Failing Standard Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 292 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective，Single Arm Clinicial Trial Evaluating PD-1 mRNA LNP Vaccine for the Treatment of Advanced Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Failing Standard Therapy
Who cites it
292 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 vaccination and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto in the light of the COVID-19: infection and vaccination. A systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Randomized trial of same- versus opposite-arm coadministration of inactivated influenza and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Codon-dependent translation of N1-ethylpseudouridine-modified mRNA reduces innate immunity while preserving vaccine immunogenicity.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Delivering the blueprint: Advances and challenges in mRNA therapeutics for the respiratory system.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Codon Optimality Modulates Cellular Stress and Innate Immune Responses Triggered by Exogenous RNAs.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal control of STING activation and saRNA delivery decouples humoral and cellular immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination around immune checkpoint inhibitor start and survival in a nationwide cohort of patients with cancer.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- In the age of mRNA vaccines: Linear or circular mRNA?Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Expanding Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Vaccine-Associated Anterior Uveitis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Take Five: harmonization in personalized cancer vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- NNature · 2026Article
232 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA platform has been used to generate safe and effective vaccines in record time against COVID-19. Here, we review the current understanding of the manner whereby mRNA vaccines induce innate immune activation and how this contributes to protective immunity. We discuss innate immune sensing of mRNA vaccines at the cellular and intracellular levels and consider the contribution of both the mRNA and the LNP components to their immunogenicity. A key message that is emerging from recent observations is that the LNP carrier acts as a powerful adjuvant for this novel vaccine platform. In this context, we highlight important gaps in understanding and discuss how new insight into the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of mRNA-LNP vaccines may enable tailoring mRNA and carrier molecules to develop vaccines with greater effectiveness and milder adverse events in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.