ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin Alone and in Combination with Sitagliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with COVID-19.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Unveiling the Neuroprotective Effect of Paraoxonase 1 in Neurodegenerative Diseases Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Multifunctional bioactivity of eco-friendly Penicillium gladioli extract against Toxoplasma gondii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The AMPK/GDF15 Axis: A Novel Target for the Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin in Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Unveiling the potential antibacterial action of acetylcysteine for managing Staphylococcus aureus wound infections: in vitro and in vivo study.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Unveiling the potential of spirulina algal extract as promising antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: in vitro and in vivo study.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Unveiling the antibacterial action of ambroxol against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigation.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Arthrospira maxima and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as antibacterials against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii: a review article.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Potential Surviving Effect ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Irisin/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway in Parkinson's disease: truth under the throes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional circuit.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Review
- DPP-4 Inhibitors as a savior for COVID-19 patients with diabetes.Future virology · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetic comparison of sitagliptin and metformin HCl extended-release tablets versus JANUMETFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2.Open life sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a potential risk factor for the development of COVID-19 and is associated with higher severity and mortality rates. T2DM patients are commonly treated with metformin monotherapy or metformin plus sitagliptin. In the present case-control, single-center cohort study, a total number of 112 T2DM patients suffering from COVID-19 and aged 44−62 years old were compared with 78 T2DM patients without COVID-19 and aged 42−56 years old. Both the patient group and the control group were allocated into four groups. Group A: T2DM patients with COVID-19 on metformin treatments plus standard therapy (n = 60); group B: T2DM patients with COVID-19 on metformin plus sitagliptin plus standard therapy (n = 52); group C: T2DM patients without COVID-19 on metformin treatments (n = 40); and group D: T2DM patients without COVID-19 on metformin plus sitagliptin (n = 38). The investigation duration was 2−3 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, serological and biochemical investigations, pulmonary radiological findings, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Only 101 T2DM patients with COVID-19 continued the study, 71 (70.29%) with mild-moderate COVID-19 and 30 (29.7%) with severe COVID-19 were compared with 78 T2DM patients as a control. Inflammatory biomarkers (C reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin), a lung injury biomarker (lactate dehydrogenase), and a coagulopathy biomarker (D-dimer) were elevated in severe COVID-19 patients compared with mild-moderate COVID-19 (p < 0.05) and T2DM patients (p < 0.05). However, metformin plus sitagliptin was more effective than metformin monotherapy in T2DM patients with COVID-19, as evidenced by the mitigation of oxidative stress, CT scan score, and clinical outcomes. The present study confirmed the protective effects of this combination against the development of COVID-19 severity, as most T2DM COVID-19 patients develop mild-moderate forms. Herein, the combination of metformin and sitagliptin may lead to more beneficial effects than metformin monotherapy.
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