SynthesisWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2023
Addition of respiratory exercises to conventional rehabilitation for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Expiratory Muscle Training on Posture, Balance, Trunk Control, and Respiratory Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy
N.E.F.E.S.-CP (Qualified Education for Awareness, Accessible Breathing: Cerebral Palsy) A Gamified Breathing and Postural Awareness Education Model
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and manual diaphragm relaxation on respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, pulmonary function, and sitting ability in children with diplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Long Term Effects: A Double-Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial.Research in nursing & health · 2025Trial
- Benefits of inspiratory muscle training therapy in institutionalized adult people with cerebral palsy: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.Brain and behavior · 2024Trial
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Effects on Respiratory and Motor Functions.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyTrial
- Optimising respiratory health in children with neurodevelopmental impairment.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-derived diaphragmatic kinematic and morphometry parameters in children with cerebral palsy: a comparative cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy of neurofacilitation technology combined with rehabilitation training based on cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral metabolism in children with cerebral palsy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Supplementary Respiratory Therapy Improves Pulmonary Function in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory dysfunctions are an important cause of morbidity and death in cerebral palsy (CP) populations. Respiratory exercises in addition to conventional rehabilitation have been suggested to improve respiratory status in CP patients. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to verify the effects of the addition of respiratory exercises to conventional rehabilitation on pulmonary function, functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, gross motor function and quality of life in children and adolescents with CP.
methodsWe searched for randomized controlled clinical trials in PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, EMBASE and Physiotheraphy Evidence (PEDro) from their inception until July 2022 without language restrictions. Studies that included respiratory exercises (breathing exercise program; feedback respiratory training; incentive spirometer exercise; inspiratory muscle training; and combination of respiratory exercises + incentive spirometer exercise) in combination with conventional rehabilitation for children and adolescents with CP were evaluated by two independent reviewers. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by random effect models.
resultsTen studies met the eligibility criteria, including 324 children aged from 6 to 16 years. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in inspiratory muscle strength of 22.96 cmH
conclusionsEmerging data show significant enhancements in inspiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in CP patients after respiratory training in addition to conventional rehabilitation. There is no consensus on the frequency, type or intensity of respiratory exercises for children with and adolescents with CP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.