ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2): Clinical research and application in the cardiovascular related diseases.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of Endothelial Damage in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Methodological Challenges.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Review
- Au-g-CJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role of Antigen Carbohydrate 125 in Modulating Soluble ST2: Prognostic-Related Effects in Acute Heart Failure.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Role of Adiponectin in Regulating Cytokines and Its Contribution to the Occurrence and Progression of Clinical Mastitis in Holstein Cows.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cardiac Involvement in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Diagnostic efficacy of soluble ST2 in pediatric fulminant myocarditis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2024Review
- Soluble ST2: A Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease.Current medical science · 2024Review
- Review
- Effect of combining sST2/HDL-C ratio with risk factors of coronary heart disease on the detection of angina pectoris in Chinese: a retrospective observational study.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family member, scientists found that when circulating soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) is low, its ligand, IL-33, will bind to ST2L to exert protective effects on various types of cells. On the other hand, competitive binding of IL-33 occurs when sST2 concentrations are increased, followed by a reduction in the amount available for cell protection. Based on this mechanism, the usage of sST2 is to identify the population of high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the role of serum sST2 in the occurrence, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been gradually accepted by doctors. This manuscript systemically reviews the biological functions and applications of sST2 in disease diagnosis and treatment, especially for cardiovascular diseases. In clinical testing, since IL-33 can negatively impact sST2 measurement accuracy, the properties of current assay kits have been summarized and discussed to provide a clear view of the clinical chemistry results. Although sST2 is a promising biomarker, there are few quantitative approaches available for clinical testing. In this context, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach might be an option, as this is a powerful analytical tool to distinguish structurally related molecules in the matrix and decrease false-positive results in clinical testing. Moreover, approaches developed based on MS would be an ideal way to further study sST2 standardization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.