ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Epithelial Cells Increases SARS-CoV-2 Superinfection by Upregulating the ACE2 Receptor.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and opportunities in the management of severe pneumonia. Key concepts from the Seventh Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2025.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- Review
- Local and systemic host responses to influenza and concurrent or sequential SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The immune response to human cytomegalovirus: impact of age, co-morbidities and the significance of anti-viral activity assessment.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Cytomegalovirus reactivation in mechanically ventilated patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- An epigenetic human cytomegalovirus infection score predicts viremia risk in seropositive lung transplant recipients.Epigenetics · 2024Article
- CMV Retinitis in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Study and Comprehensive Review of Viral Interactions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Virology-The next fifty years.Cell · 2024Article
- Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Exploring the relationship between HCMV serostatus and outcomes in COVID-19 sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Long COVID: what is known and what gaps need to be addressed.British medical bulletin · 2023Review
- Review
- COVID-19-The Shift of Homeostasis into Oncopathology or Chronic Fibrosis in Terms of Female Reproductive System Involvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- New Viral Diseases and New Possible Remedies by Means of the Pharmacology of the Renin-Angiotensin System.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS · 2023Review
- Improved outcomes over time and higher mortality in CMV seropositive allogeneic stem cell transplantation patients with COVID-19; An infectious disease working party study from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused widespread morbidity and mortality since its onset in late 2019. Here, we demonstrate that prior infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) substantially increases infection with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. HCMV is a common herpesvirus carried by 40%-100% of the population, which can reactivate in the lung under inflammatory conditions, such as those resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show in both endothelial and epithelial cell types that HCMV infection upregulates ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor. These observations suggest that HCMV reactivation events in the lung of healthy HCMV carriers could exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 symptoms. This effect could contribute to the disparity of disease severity seen in ethnic minorities and those with lower socioeconomic status, due to their higher CMV seroprevalence. Our results warrant further clinical investigation as to whether HCMV infection influences the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.