SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2023
Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis and its risk factors in Eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Future microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Visceral leishmaniasis clinically disguised as Kaposi's sarcoma: a diagnostic challenge in people living with HIV.Infection · 2026Article
- Patterns and drivers of the distribution of Leishmania infection in humans using environmental and socioeconomic factors: a modeling study in mainland Portugal.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Diseases Caused by Parasites with Invertebrate Hosts in China: Burden and Trends of Leishmaniasis and Schistosomiasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characteristics, treatment outcomes and factors associated with death among patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis, Uganda, 2019-2024.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- Weight-band-based simplification of oral allometric miltefosine dosing in paediatric patients with visceral leishmaniasis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Case Report: Long-Term Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfected Patients Without Relapse: Lymphoproliferative Response After Stimulation with SolubleMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Assessment of asymptomaticFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Advances in Cysteine Protease B Inhibitors for Leishmaniasis Treatment.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis With Oral Involvement: A Case Report.Case reports in dentistry · 2025Article
- The Impact of Anthropic and Natural Events on Leishmaniasis Burden, Control Measures, and Public Health Importance.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Leishmania Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in a Southern Province of Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Leishmaniasis among Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (FamilyVeterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in Immunocompetent Hosts in Brescia: A Case Series and Analysis of Cytokine Cascade.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- HIV and an Ageing Population-What Are the Medical, Psychosocial, and Palliative Care Challenges in Healthcare Provisions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Mucosal Relapse of Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Child with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Knock, knock, knocking on EuropeCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection expressing different clinical phenotypes. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered an opportunistic infection among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this review was to identify published data on the prevalence of Leishmania spp. infection among PWH and to define particular determinants that affect critically the epidemiological characteristics of VL-HIV coinfection and, potentially, its burden on public health. Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic literature search until June 30, 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to calculate the summary prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) of leishmaniasis among PWH. Meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of putative effect modifiers, such as the mean CD4 cell count, on the major findings. Thirty-four studies were eligible, yielding a summary prevalence of 6% (95%CI, 4-11%) for leishmaniasis (n = 1583) among PWH (n = 85,076). Higher prevalence rates were noted in Asia (17%, 95%CI, 9-30%) and America (9%, 95%CI, 5-17%) than in Europe (4%, 95%CI, 2-8%). Prevalence rates were significantly mediated by the age, sex, and CD4 cell count of participants. Heterogeneity remained significant in all meta-analyses (p < 0.0001). In the majority of included studies, people were coinfected with HIV and Leishmania species associated with VL, as opposed to those associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. No sign of publication bias was shown (p = 0.06). Our summary of published studies on leishmaniasis among PWH is important to provide prevalence estimates and define potential underlying factors that could guide researchers to generate and further explore specific etiologic hypotheses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.