ReviewCells2022
In Vitro Veritas: From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- De novo protein design: a transformative frontier in clinical protein applications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Culture of Orbital Fibroblasts From Thyroid Eye Disease Induce In Vivo-Like Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- From spheroids to organoids: next-generation models for CAR-T cell therapy research in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Application and development of Organ-on-a-Chip technology in cancer therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Integrated multi-omics and machine learning reveal an immunogenic cell death-related signature for prognostic stratification and therapeutic optimization in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- CX3CL1 release during immunogenic apoptosis is associated with enhanced anti-tumour immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Vascularized microfluidic models of major organ structures and cancerous tissues.Biomicrofluidics · 2023Review
- Out of Box Thinking to Tangible Science: A Benchmark History of 3D Bio-Printing in Regenerative Medicine and Tissues Engineering.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- 3Rs Principle and Legislative Decrees to Achieve High Standard of Animal Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.