ArticleBMC nephrology2022
A comparison of the utility of the urine dipstick and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio for predicting microalbuminuria in patients with non-diabetic lifestyle-related diseases -a comparison with diabetes.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saudi Clinical Practice Guidelines for management of diabetic kidney disease in adults.Saudi medical journal · 2025Guideline
- The appropriateness of finerenone initiation, dosing, and outcomes in diabetic kidney disease: data from real world practice.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Instant and low-cost detection of urinary microalbumin using smartphone technology and a paper-based platform with a colorimetric ratio analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe utility of dipstick proteinuria for predicting microalbuminuria in non-diabetic lifestyle-related diseases compared with the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR) and the effect of dipstick proteinuria on the cut-off value (CO) and accuracy of uPCR are unclear.
methodsThe subjects included Japanese patients ≥ 18 years old with lifestyle-related diseases who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥ 15 ml/min/1.73 m
resultsIn 313 non-diabetic cases (median 70.8 years old), 3 dipstick proteinuria measurements were independently useful for detecting microalbuminuria, and the CO was set when a trace finding was obtained at least 1 of 3 times (sensitivity 0.56, specificity 0.80, positive predictive value [PPV] 0.73, negative predictive value [NPV] 0.65). A single uPCR measurement was more useful than 3 dipstick measurements, and was useful for detecting microalbuminuria even in cases with three consecutive negative proteinuria findings, indicating that the CO of the second uPCR with G1-3a (n = 136) was 0.06 g/gCr (sensitivity 0.76, specificity 0.84. PPV 0.68, NPV 0.89), while that with G3-b4 (n = 59) was 0.10 g/gCr (sensitivity 0.56, specificity 0.91. PPV 0.83, NPV 0.71). The sum of 3 uPCRs was useful for detecting microalbuminuria in cases with G1-3a (sensitivity 0.67, specificity 0.94, PPV 0.82, NPV 0.86) and G3b-4 (sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.94, PPV 0.91 NPV 0.83), with both COs being 0.23 g/gCr. These COs of microalbuminuria did not change when trace or more proteinuria was included, although the sensitivity increased. A high uPCR and low urine specific gravity or creatinine level were independent factors for uACR ≥ 30 mg/gCr in cases with negative proteinuria, although the uPCR was a major predictive factor of a uACR ≥ 30 mg/gCr.
conclusionsThe uPCR (preferably determined using early-morning urine), including in dipstick-negative proteinuria cases with non-diabetic lifestyle-related diseases, can aid in the early detection of microalbuminuria.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered.
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