ArticleBMJ global health2022
Long-lasting insecticidal nets provide protection against malaria for only a single year in Burundi, an African highland setting with marked malaria seasonality.
Article in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Progression from uncomplicated to severe malaria among children in settings receiving different combinations of malaria control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Understanding perceptions of malaria control measures in Burundi: a qualitative descriptive study using a socio-ecological approach.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Advancing global health in an unprecedented (and unpredictable) era.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the impact of two next-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets on malaria incidence in Uganda: an interrupted time-series analysis using routine health facility data.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- The challenge of improving long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage on Bioko Island: using data to adapt distribution strategies.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- A century of medical records reveal earlier onset of the malaria season in Haut-Katanga induced by climate change.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- The challenge of improving long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage on Bioko Island: using data to adapt distribution strategies.Research square · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are one of the key interventions in the global fight against malaria. Since 2014, mass distribution campaigns of LLINs aim for universal access by all citizens of Burundi. In this context, we assess the impact of LLINs mass distribution campaigns on malaria incidence, focusing on the endemic highland health districts. We also explored the possible correlation between observed trends in malaria incidence with any variations in climate conditions.
methodsMalaria cases for 2011-2019 were obtained from the National Health Information System. We developed a generalised additive model based on a time series of routinely collected data with malaria incidence as the response variable and timing of LLIN distribution as an explanatory variable to investigate the duration and magnitude of the LLIN effect on malaria incidence. We added a seasonal and continuous-time component as further explanatory variables, and health district as a random effect to account for random natural variation in malaria cases between districts.
resultsMalaria transmission in Burundian highlands was clearly seasonal and increased non-linearly over the study period. Further, a fast and steep decline of malaria incidence was noted during the first year after mass LLIN distribution (p<0.0001). In years 2 and 3 after distribution, malaria cases started to rise again to levels higher than before the control intervention.
conclusionThis study highlights that LLINs did reduce the incidence in the first year after a mass distribution campaign, but in the context of Burundi, LLINs lost their impact after only 1 year.
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