ArticleJournal of the neurological sciences2023
Monitoring cognitive and psychological alterations in COVID-19 patients: A longitudinal neuropsychological study.
Article in Journal of the neurological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive and affective psychoeducation for Long COVID: a randomized controlled trial.Brain communications · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Digital mental health: innovations in assessment and intervention.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Article
- Cognitive function among COVID-19 survivors in the subacute phase during the epidemic of Omicron variant in China.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Trajectories in a Post-COVID Cohort: A Descriptive Longitudinal Study.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Longitudinal stability of cognitive impairments in post-COVID-19 syndrome assessed with the tablet-based Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of neurologic symptoms and cognitive associations at 36-months post-hospitalization for COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Observational
- Resting-state functional connectivity alterations after mild COVID-19 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Long-term cognitive and autonomic effects of COVID-19 in young adults: a cross-sectional study at 28 months.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- One Year After Mild COVID-19: Emotional Distress but Preserved Cognition in Healthcare Workers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Validity of the test for attentional performance in neurological post-COVID condition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- First episode of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disease among patients infected with COVID-19: A scoping review.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Neuropsychological functioning of pediatric patients with long COVID.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Article
- Long COVID in Brain Health Research: A Call to Action.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Long-Term Risk of Reduced Cognitive Performance and Associated Factors in Discharged Older Adults with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Prospective Study.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2024Observational
- Cognitive and mental health trajectories of COVID-19: Role of hospitalisation and long-COVID symptoms.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- Evolving trends in neuropsychological profiles of post COVID-19 condition: A 1-year follow-up in individuals with cognitive complaints.PloS one · 2024Article
- Long COVID: neurological manifestations - an updated narrative review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2024Review
- "Brain Fog" After COVID-19 Infection: How the Field of Neuropsychology Can Help Clear the Air.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSARS-COV-2 infection has been associated to long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, including cognitive deficits, that persist after one year. However, longitudinal monitoring has been scarcely performed. Here, in a sample of COVID-19 patients, we monitor cognitive, psychological and quality of life-related profiles up to 22 months from resolution of respiratory disease.
methodsOut of 657 COVID-19 patients screened at Manzoni Hospital (Lecco, Italy), 22 underwent neuropsychological testing because of subjective cognitive disturbances at 6 months, 16 months, and 22 months. Tests of memory, attention, and executive functions were administered, along with questionnaires for depressive and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological well-being and quality of life. Cross-sectional descriptives, correlational, as well as longitudinal analyses considering COVID19-severity were carried out. A preliminary comparison with a sample of obstructive sleep apneas patients was also performed.
resultsAround 50% of COVID-19 patients presented with cognitive deficits at t0. The most affected domain was verbal memory. Pathological scores diminished over time, but a high rate of borderline scores was still observable. Longitudinal analyses highlighted improvements in verbal and non-verbal long term memory, as well as attention, and executive functioning. Depression and PTSD-related symptoms were present in 30% of patients. The latter decreased over time and were associated to attentional-executive performance.
conclusionsCognitive dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients may extend over 1 year, yet showing a significant recovery in several cases. Cognitive alterations are accompanied by a significant psychological distress. Many patients displaying borderline scores, especially those at higher risk of dementia, deserve clinical monitoring.
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Registered trials
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