ArticleKorean circulation journal2023
The Association of Smoking Status and Clustering of Obesity and Depression on the Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Article in Korean circulation journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Joint Impact of Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Early age at smoking initiation is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease and mortality risk in a nationwide population-based cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sudden cardiac arrest in young adults: A comprehensive systematic review of epidemiology, aetiology and preventive strategies.Heart international · 2026Review
- Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of depressive symptom risk among secondary school students in Saudi Arabia: a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Obesity-attributable risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States: a Bayesian network analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of risk factors and metabolic profiling in preclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Association of cigarette smoking, smoking cessation with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in the UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Age at smoking initiation and smoking cessation influence the incidence of stroke in China: a 10-year follow-up study.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Article
- Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adults: Can We Restore the Risk by Cessation Alone?Korean circulation journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesTo evaluate the impact of smoking in young adults on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the clustering effect of behavioral risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and depression.
methodsA Korean nationwide population-based cohort of a total of 3,280,826 participants aged 20-39 years old who underwent 2 consecutive health examinations were included. They were followed up until the date of CVD (myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke), or December 2018 (median, 6 years).
resultsCurrent smoking, early age of smoking initiation, and smoking intensity were associated with an increased risk of CVD incidence. Even after quitting smoking, the risk of MI was still high in quitters compared with non-smokers. Cigarette smoking, obesity, and depression were independently associated with a 1.3-1.7 times increased risk of CVD, and clustering of 2 or more of these behavioral risk factors was associated with a 2-3 times increased risk of CVD in young adults.
conclusionsIn young adults, cigarette smoking was associated with the risk of CVD, and the clustering of 2 or more behavioral risk factors showed an additive risk of CVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.