ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 Expression and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling During Laryngeal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Malignant Progression of Laryngeal Dysplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The shifting paradigm of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from pathology to clinical practice.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs and immunotherapy in testicular germ cell tumors: opportunities and challenges for modulation of the immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Envafolimab - novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors of the Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review.Current pediatric reviews · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma, Head and Neck, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.Journal of cellular immunology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the immune evasion mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Overcoming Resistance to Standard-of-Care Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Cells · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance and Therapeutic Perspectives in Immunotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers.Cancers · 2024Review
- Inhibition of ATM or ATR in combination with hypo-fractionated radiotherapy leads to a different immunophenotype on transcript and protein level in HNSCC.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vaccine: Current Landscape and Perspectives.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Antioxidant Use after Diagnosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review of Application during Radiotherapy and in Second Primary Cancer Prevention.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Where Do We Stand?Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Advances in Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment: Editorial to the Special Issue "State-of-the-Art Molecular Oncology in Italy".International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Serine and one-carbon metabolism sustain non-melanoma skin cancer progression.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Diagnostic Predictors of Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.