ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of radiology · 2024Pooled it
- Immune Status of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- An Epidemiology-Constrained Framework for Mechanistic Hypothesis Restriction and Prioritization in Complex Disease.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Baseline peripheral inflammatory profiles predict phenoconversion in prodromal Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal cohort study.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- Targeting CD4⁺ T cell infiltration: mechanisms and therapeutic insights into CD4⁺ T cell transmigration across the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals sex-stratified biomarkers predicting chronicity in paediatric primary immune thrombocytopenia.British journal of haematology · 2026Observational
- Th2 skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Pre-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection Th17 CD4+ T cells as predictors of early HIV disease progression.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Association Between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and the Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Mediating Role of Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Dietary Patterns.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The microgenderome in migraine: integrating sex hormones, microbial composition, and metabolic profiles into a sex-related framework.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- B cells and iBALT in TB immunity & pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Early sex-related transcriptional differences in CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A context-aware interpretive framework for lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in innate immune cell responses: Impact on cancer immunity and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plasma metabolomic signatures of air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis risk.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Elderly female CTLs maintain their initial activation and cytotoxicity independent of IL-2.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Type-2 immune skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Reference intervals for leukocyte cell population data in healthy adults in Zigong region, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in tissue-specific immunity and immunology.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.