ArticleBMC public health2022
Inequality in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran: the analysis of national households' data.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality Patterns and Trends in Fars Province, Iran (2015-2024): A Retrospective Analysis of Death Records.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prehypertension and hypertension among older adults: prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and associated factors - findings from Iranian STEPS survey (2016 and 2021).Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Associated factors and educational and economic inequalities with raised blood pressure in Cambodia: analysis of the data from a national household survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Developing a pilot study protocol and lessons from Iran for the integrated and repeated public health surveillance system (IRPHS).Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Hypertensive Older Adults in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Key indicators for evaluating Iran's health insurance performance.Health economics review · 2025Article
- A decision rule algorithm for the detection of patients with hypertension using claims data.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- To what extent the weight changes impact the risk of hypertension among menopausal women: insights from Tehran lipid and glucose study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- General and abdominal obesity trends in the Iranian adult population from 2004 to 2021.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Health Equity Impact Assessment (HEIA) reporting tool: developing a checklist for policymakers.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundProviding an equitable Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is key for progressing towards the sustainable development goals in the health systems. To help policymakers make hypertension services more equitable with existing (limited) resources in Iran, we examined the inequality of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control (PATC) of hypertension as the four indicators of hypertension UHC in Iran.
methodsThis research was a cross-sectional study of inequality of PATC of hypertension using a representative sample of Iranians aged ≥ 25 years from the Iran 2016 STEP wise approach to Surveillance study (STEPS). Outcome variables consisted of PATC of hypertension. Covariates were demographic (age, sex, and marital status) and living standard (area of residence, wealth status, education, and health insurance) indicators. We drew concentration curves (CC) and estimated concentration indices (C). We also conducted normalized Erreygers decomposition analysis for binary outcomes to identify covariates that explain the wealth-related inequality in the outcomes. Analysis was conducted in STATA 14.1.
resultsThe normalized concentration index of hypertension prevalence and control was -0.066 (p < .001) and 0.082 (p < .001), respectively. The C of awareness and treatment showed nonsignificant difference between the richest and poorest. Inequality in the hypertension prevalence of females was significantly higher than males (C = -0.103 vs. male C = -0.023, p < .001). Our analyses explained 33% of variation in the C of hypertension prevalence and 99.7% of variation in the C of control. Education, wealth index, and complementary insurance explained most inequality in the prevalence. Area of residence, education, wealth status, and complementary insurance had the largest contribution to C of control by 30%, 28%, 26%, and 21%, respectively.
conclusionsThis study showed a pro-rich inequality in the prevalence and control of hypertension in Iran. We call for expanding the coverage of complementary insurance to reduce inequality of hypertension prevalence and control as compared with other factors it can be manipulated in short run. We furthermore advocate for interventions to reduce the inequality of hypertension control between rural and urban areas.
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