ArticleBMC ophthalmology2022
Transcorneal but not transpalpebral electrical stimulation disrupts mucin homeostasis of the ocular surface.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive electrical stimulation as a neuroprotective strategy in retinal diseases: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal characteristics of visual cortical responses to transpalpebral electrical stimulation.iScience · 2026Article
- Modalities of vision restoration in optic neuropathies and retinal disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Non-invasive electrical stimulation restores corneal nerve density and sensory function in diabetic neuropathy via KCNN-dependent mechanism.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Persistent loss of membrane-associated MUC4 reprograms physiological functions in corneal epithelial cells via MAPK-dependent cascade.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Non-invasive electrical stimulation restores corneal nerve density and function in diabetic neuropathy via KCNN-dependent mechanism.Research square · 2025Article
- Non-invasive bioelectrical therapy suppresses retinal neovascularization by modulating cellular metabolism and inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Polyimide-Based Flexible Microelectrode Array for Non-Invasive Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transcorneal electrical stimulation: impact on healthcare and future potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Preservation of vision by transpalpebral electrical stimulation in mice with inherited retinal degeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Electrical stimulation alters DNA methylation and promotes neurite outgrowth.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Genomic DNA activates the AIM2 inflammasome and STING pathways to induce inflammation in lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells.The ocular surface · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTranscorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) is increasingly applied as a therapy for preserving and improving vision in retinal neurodegenerative and ischemic disorders. However, a common complaint about TcES is its induction of eye pain and dryness in the clinic, while the mechanisms remain unknown.
methodTcES or transpalpebral ES (TpES) was conducted in C57BL6j mice for 14 days. The contralateral eyes were used as non-stimulated controls. Levels of intracellular [Ca
resultsAlthough TcES did not affect tear production, it significantly induced damage to the ocular surface, as revealed by corneal fluorescein staining that was accompanied by significantly decreased mucin (MUC) 4 expression compared to the control. Similar effects of ES were detected in cultured primary corneal epithelium cells, showing decreased MUC4 and ZO-1 levels after the ES in vitro. In addition, TcES decreased secretion of MUC5AC from the conjunctiva in vivo, which was also corroborated in goblet cell cultures, where ES significantly attenuated carbachol-induced [Ca
conclusionTcES, but not TpES, induces corneal epithelial damage in mice by disrupting mucin homeostasis. TpES thus may represent a safer and more effective ES approach for treating retinal neurodegeneration clinically.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.