ArticleClinical neuroradiology2023
Deep Grey Matter Volume is Reduced in Amateur Boxers as Compared to Healthy Age-matched Controls.
Article in Clinical neuroradiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frontal Brain Injury Reduces Sensitivity to Reward-Predictive Cues and Remodels the Nucleus Accumbens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Histological investigation of amygdala in horned and hornless ewes.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2026Article
- Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Age Investigation in Athletes with Persistent Postconcussion Syndrome.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Value of Advanced MR Imaging Techniques in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2020Article
- Structural brain differences in professional Australian rules footballers following mild traumatic brain injury: When head size matters.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) sustained during contact sports like amateur boxing are found to have long-term sequelae, being linked to an increased risk of developing neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to assess differences in volume of anatomical brain structures between amateur boxers and control subjects with a special interest in the affection of deep grey matter structures.
methodsA total of 19 amateur boxers and 19 healthy controls (HC), matched for age and intelligence quotient (IQ), underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as neuropsychological testing. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated for every subject and data about years of boxing training and number of fights were collected for each boxer. The acquired 3D high resolution T1 weighted MR images were analyzed to measure the volumes of cortical grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and deep grey matter structures. Multivariate analysis was applied to reveal differences between groups referencing deep grey matter structures to normalized brain volume (NBV) to adjust for differences in head size and brain volume as well as adding BMI as cofactor.
resultsTotal intracranial volume (TIV), comprising GM, WM and CSF, was lower in boxers compared to controls (by 7.1%, P = 0.009). Accordingly, GM (by 5.5%, P = 0.038) and WM (by 8.4%, P = 0.009) were reduced in boxers. Deep grey matter showed statistically lower volumes of the thalamus (by 8.1%, P = 0.006), caudate nucleus (by 11.1%, P = 0.004), putamen (by 8.1%, P = 0.011), globus pallidus (by 9.6%, P = 0.017) and nucleus accumbens (by 13.9%, P = 0.007) but not the amygdala (by 5.5%, P = 0.221), in boxers compared to HC.
conclusionSeveral deep grey matter structures were reduced in volume in the amateur boxer group. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are needed to determine the damage pattern affecting deep grey matter structures and its neuropsychological relevance.
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