Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36533144›Full record

ArticleVirus evolution2022

Silent codon positions in the A-rich HIV RNA genome that do not easily become A: Restrictions imposed by the RNA sequence and structure.

Ben Berkhout, Formijn J van Hemert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virus evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ben BerkhoutLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Formijn J van HemertLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-542X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is a strong evolutionary tendency of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to accumulate A nucleotides in its RNA genome, resulting in a mere 40 per cent A count. This A bias is especially dominant for the so-called silent codon positions where any nucleotide can be present without changing the encoded protein. However, particular silent codon positions in HIV RNA refrain from becoming A, which became apparent upon genome analysis of many virus isolates. We analyzed these 'noA' genome positions to reveal the underlying reason for their inability to facilitate the A nucleotide. We propose that local RNA structure requirements can explain the absence of A at these sites. Thus, noA sites may be prominently involved in the correct folding of the viral RNA. Turning things around, the presence of multiple clustered noA sites may reveal the presence of important sequence and/or structural elements in the HIV RNA genome.

Indexed as

A enrichmentA rejectionHIV-1 evolutionmutagenesisnucleotide compositionphylogenyRNA genomesilent codon changes

Identifiers

PMID36533144
PMCPMC9752802

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.