ReviewExperimental physiology2023
Exogenous ketone supplementation: an emerging tool for physiologists with potential as a metabolic therapy.
Review in Experimental physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute 1,3-Butanediol Co-Ingestion with Carbohydrate Does Not Improve Endurance Performance in Chronically Ketogenic Male Athletes.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Renal effects of short-term ketone monoester supplementation in healthy adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled study.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of Exogenous Ketone Salts in Enhancing Circulating Acetoacetate Levels-A Pilot Study in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice reduces activation of B cell subsets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effect of Oral Ketone Body Intake on Human CD8Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- β-Hydroxybutyrate, a primary metabolite of ketogenic diets and its dual role in modulating colorectal cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic insights.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- β‑hydroxybutyric acid as a potential therapeutic metabolite for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Ketosis as a Treatment for Severe Mental Illness: A Critical Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data.Current treatment options in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Ketogenic therapy as a potential novel treatment approach for PTSD: an integrative review and proposed mechanistic model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Ketone bodies in kidney diseases: novel insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of ketone monoester supplementation: The first simultaneous CKM and CGM study under normal diet and activities.Metabolism open · 2025Article
- Providing alternative fuel for the brain in anorexia nervosa: a review of the literature on ketones and their effects on metabolism and the brain.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- Ketones and Insulin: A Paradoxical Interplay With Implications for Glucose Metabolism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Review
- Ketone metabolites in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression: optimizing keto-therapeutic strategies.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- An Exogenous Ketone Ester Slows Tumor Progression in Murine Breast and Renal Cancer Models.Cancers · 2024Article
- Ketogenic Interventions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Is an Inotropic Agent With Vasorelaxant and Cardioprotective Properties.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Effect of exogenous and endogenous ketones on respiratory exchange ratio and glucose metabolism in healthy subjects.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
NEW
findingsWhat is the topic of this review? The integrative physiological response to exogenous ketone supplementation. What advances does it highlight? The physiological effects and therapeutic potential of exogenous ketones on metabolic health, cardiovascular function, cognitive processing, and modulation of inflammatory pathways and immune function. Also highlighted are current challenges and future directions of the field. ABSTRACT: Exogenous oral ketone supplements, primarily in form of ketone salts or esters, have emerged as a useful research tool for manipulating metabolism with potential therapeutic application targeting various aspects of several common chronic diseases. Recent literature has investigated the effects of exogenously induced ketosis on metabolic health, cardiovascular function, cognitive processing, and modulation of inflammatory pathways and immune function. This narrative review provides an overview of the integrative physiological effects of exogenous ketone supplementation and highlights current challenges and future research directions. Much of the existing research on therapeutic applications - particularly mechanistic studies - has involved pre-clinical rodent and/or cellular models, requiring further validation in human clinical studies. Existing human studies report that exogenous ketones can lower blood glucose and improve some aspects of cognitive function, highlighting the potential therapeutic application of exogenous ketones for type 2 diabetes and neurological diseases. There is also support for the ability of exogenous ketosis to improve cardiac metabolism in rodent models of heart failure with supporting human studies emerging; long-terms effects of exogenous ketone supplementation on the human cardiovascular system and lipid profiles are needed. An important avenue for future work is provided by research accelerating technologies that enable continuous ketone monitoring and/or the development of more palatable ketone mixtures that optimize plasma ketone kinetics to enable sustained ketosis. Lastly, research exploring the physiological interactions between exogenous ketones and varying metabolic states (e.g., exercise, fasting, metabolic disease) should yield important insights that can be used to maximize the health benefits of exogenous ketosis.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.