ReviewBiomedicines2022
Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Immunothrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients identified by multiomics profiling and linked to postacute complications.iScience · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Effects on Respiratory and Neurological Systems: Morphological Findings and Gene Expression in K18-hACE2 Mice Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Postexertional Symptom Exacerbation after Submaximal Exercise in Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Immune interactions and molecular approaches in the Post COVID-19 condition.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Metabolomics-Based Machine Learning Diagnostics of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial function is impaired in long COVID patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Observational
- Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Impairment by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: A Nexus of Pathogenesis with Significant Biochemical and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in Understanding Long COVID: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Role of Omics Technologies in Biomarker Identification.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Core features and inherent diversity of post-acute infection syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Salivary cortisol in long COVID: a marker of broader stress system and circadian rhythm dysregulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Observational
- Cognitive impact and brain structural changes in long COVID patients: a cross-sectional MRI study two years post infection in a cohort from Argentina.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Targeting NRP1 axis as a strategy for treating energy metabolism impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- Optimizing cardiopulmonary rehabilitation duration for long COVID patients: an exercise physiology monitoring approach.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Sex differences and immune correlates of Long COVID development, persistence, and resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.