ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
SARS-CoV-2 Exploits Non-Canonical Autophagic Processes to Replicate, Mature, and Egress the Infected Vero E6 Cells.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- miR-29a and miR-15b Modulate SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron Infection in Human Lung Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A portrait of the infected cell: how SARS-CoV-2 infection reshapes cellular processes and pathways.Npj viruses · 2024Review
- Losartan and enalapril maleate differently influence SARS-CoV-2-infected vero cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Host Subcellular Organelles: Targets of Viral Manipulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
The coronavirus transforms the cytoplasm of susceptible cells to support virus replication. It also activates autophagy-like processes, the role of which is not well understood. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells using transmission electron microscopy and autophagy PCR array. After 6-24 h post-infection (hpi), the cytoplasm of infected cells only contained double-membrane vesicles, phagophores, and phagosomes engulfing virus particles and cytoplasmic debris, including damaged mitochondria. The phagosomes interacted with the viral nucleoprotein complex, virus particles, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. The phagosomes transformed into egress vacuoles, which broke through the plasmalemma and discharged the virus particles. The Vero E6 cells exhibited pronounced virus replication at 6 hpi, which stabilized at 18-24 hpi at a high level. The autophagy PCR array tests revealed a significant upregulation of 10 and downregulation of 8 autophagic gene markers out of 84. Altogether, these results underline the importance of autophagy-like processes for SARS-CoV-2 maturation and egress, and point to deviations from a canonical autophagy response.
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