ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2022
The Effect of Reduced Oxygen Saturation on Retinal Microvascularization in COVID-19 Patients with Bilateral Pneumonia Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Study.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Severe Outcomes in COVID-19: Evidence from Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Retinal Perfusion and Injury in Sepsis and after Major Surgery.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Long-term retinal oximetry and OCT angiography in patients recovered from COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Retinal manifestations of traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Characteristics of the fundus and optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in myopic patients with myelinated retinal nerve fibers.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Optical coherence tomography angiography based prognostic factors and visual outcomes in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the retinal thickness and microvasculature based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) depending on baseline oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. The prospective study was carried out among 62 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent ophthalmic examination after hospital discharge. They were divided into three groups depending on the oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission: ≤90% (group 1), >90% and ≤95% (group 2), and >95% (group 3). The following parameters were assessed in the ophthalmological examination and correlated with the baseline SpO2: ganglion cell layer (GCL), the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the macular area, RNFL in the peripapillary area, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), vessel density (VD) in SCP, in DCP, and in the choriocapillaris plexus (CC). Baseline saturation ≤90% in COVID-19 patients caused a decrease of VD in some areas of SCP and DCP and an increase in FAZ area in SCP and DCP. In the group of patients with SpO2 ≤ 90% statistically significant thinning of the retina in the inner superior ring (ISR) (p = 0.029), the inner temporal ring (ITR) (p = 0.34), the outer superior ring (OSR) (p = 0.012), and the outer temporal ring (OTR) (p= 0.004)] was observed. The statistically significant thickening of RNFL optic disc and thinning of RNFL retina in some macular areas in patients with SpO2 ≤ 90% were reported. The size of FAZ area in SCP and vessel density were significantly greater in some areas of SCP, DCP, and CC in patients with SpO2 ≤ 90% (p = 0.025). Baseline oxygen saturation ≤90% has been found to influence the ocular parameters of OCT in COVID-19 patients. We noticed a widened FAZ zone in SCP and increased VD in some regions of the retina and choroid as a response to systemic hypoxia.
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