ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Classification of diabetic retinopathy: Past, present and future.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trends and hotspots in the field of diabetic retinopathy imaging research from 2000-2023.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of systemic inflammatory indices and body mass index with diabetic macular edema in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- [Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Observational
- A Novel Convolutional Neural Network for Explainable Diabetic Retinopathy Detection and Grade Identification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Automated Nonperfusion Quantification in Diabetic Retinopathy on Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source OCT Angiography.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Retinal BioAge is associated with indicators of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in UK and US populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Effect of Periodontitis Severity on Diabetic Retinopathy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Role of NADPH Oxidases as Novel Therapeutic Targets for the Impaired Neurovascular Unit in the Early Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy compared with conventional interventions in diabetic retinopathy management.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Progress in the Cross-Organ Biomarker oxLDL in Promoting Pathological Neovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection in Diabetes Retinal Disease: An Unmet Medical Need.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lipid-rich vitreous hemorrhage associated with lipemia retinalis in a young patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association of theFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Upregulation of Trx alleviated high-glucose-induced Müller cell pyroptosis through ASK-1/Cav-1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development of a Glycated Albumin-Based Algorithm to Evaluate Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Hospital-Affiliated Physical Examination Center.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors and implication in diabetic retinopathy as pharmacological tools.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Ultra-widefield color fundus photography in diabetic retinopathy: from panretinal assessment to multimodal integration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Development and Novel Therapeutics in Diabetic Retinopathy.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- FOXO4 Facilitates Diabetic Retinopathy by Mediating KLF7 Transcription and Affecting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been many attempts to accurately classify the severity and stages of disease. These historical classification systems evolved as understanding of disease pathophysiology improved, methods of imaging and assessing DR changed, and effective treatments were developed. Current DR classification systems are effective, and have been the basis of major research trials and clinical management guidelines for decades. However, with further new developments such as recognition of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration, new imaging platforms such as optical coherence tomography and ultra wide-field retinal imaging, artificial intelligence and new treatments, our current classification systems have significant limitations that need to be addressed. In this paper, we provide a historical review of different classification systems for DR, and discuss the limitations of our current classification systems in the context of new developments. We also review the implications of new developments in the field, to see how they might feature in a future, updated classification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.