Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36609535›Full record

ArticleBiology of sex differences2023

Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination.

Fay A Guarraci, Layla Avendano, Megan Kelly, Cleriza Estoesta, Bernard Sencherey, Hannah S Valdivia, Amanda Gale, Lily Yepez, Jasmine B Belfield, Kristen M Carter and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Fay A GuarraciDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA. guarracf@southwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2091-5000
Layla AvendanoDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Megan KellyDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Cleriza EstoestaDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Bernard SenchereyDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Hannah S ValdiviaDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Amanda GaleDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Lily YepezDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Jasmine B BelfieldDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Kristen M CarterDepartment of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC, 29506, USA.
Natalie WilliamsDepartment of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA.
Andrea C GoreDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas, at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Southwestern University · USFrancis Marion University · USThe University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGnRH agonists have been used to halt the development of puberty in children with precocious puberty since the 1980s. Recently, drugs like Lupron Depot

methodsThe present study tested the effects of daily leuprolide treatment (50 µg/kg, postnatal day (PD) 25-50) on pubertal onset in female (i.e., vaginal opening) and male (i.e., preputial separation) Long-Evans rats. The first estrous cycle immediately after vaginal opening was also measured. Sexual behavior and sexual motivation were tested using the partner-preference paradigm. Female rats were tested during the first behavioral estrus after treatment ended (between PD 51-64). Male rats were tested weekly for four consecutive weeks starting three days after treatment ended (PD 53).

resultsConsistent with previous findings, leuprolide significantly delayed pubertal onset in both female and male rats. In addition, the first estrous cycle during the treatment period was disrupted by leuprolide, as indicated by a failure to cycle into estrus after vaginal opening until treatment ended. However, leuprolide affected neither sexual motivation nor fertility when female rats were tested within 14 days of leuprolide treatment ending. In contrast, the development of copulatory behavior and sexual motivation was significantly delayed by leuprolide in male rats; however, mature reproductive behavior was observed by the fourth week post-treatment.

conclusionsTaken together with previous findings, the present results indicate that male rats may be more sensitive to periadolescent leuprolide administration, taking longer to overcome the effects of leuprolide than female rats. Nevertheless, not long after leuprolide treatment is discontinued, sex-typical reproductive physiology and behavior emerge fully in female and male rats, indicating that the drug's effects are not permanent. If translatable to humans, leuprolide may be a reversible option to give adolescents more time to consider their gender identity with minimal long-term effects on sexual development.

Indexed as

LeuprolidePuberty, PrecociousAdolescentAnimalsChildEstrusFemaleGender IdentityHumansMaleRatsRats, Long-EvansLeuprolideCopulatory behaviorEstrous cycleGnRH agonistPaced matingPartner preferencePreputial separationPubertySexual behaviorSexual motivationVaginal opening

Identifiers

PMID36609535
PMCPMC9817282
OpenAlexW4313647387

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.