Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36635748›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2023

Development of inferiority-compensation scale among high school students.

Di Yang, Baiyang Qiu, Jin Jiang, Youkui Xia, Lingxiao Li, Yanting Li, Longli Luo, Xiaocui Liu, Jing Meng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Self-Esteem and Feelings of Inferiority and Superiority Among Athletes and Non-Athletes.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Di Yang *Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Baiyang Qiu *Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing, China.
Jin JiangKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Youkui XiaKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Lingxiao LiKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Yanting LiKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Longli LuoKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Xiaocui LiuKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
Jing MengKey Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China. qufumj@qq.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An increasing number of high school students are inflicted by different degrees of mental disorders in learning, such as moodiness, learning difficulties, test anxiety, difficulty coping with frustration, etc., which are one of the factors leading to the inferiority of students. In the present study, the initial scale of inferiority compensation for high school students was developed through literature searching, expert evaluation, interviews, and an open scale. 1187 high school students were tested in different periods, after deleting an invalid 83 scales, including 461 copies of valid scale of exploratory factor analysis in the first stage and 643 copies of valid scale of confirmatory factor analysis in the second stage. The results showed that the inferiority compensation scale for high school students consisted of two sub-scale: self-compensation and others-compensation, ach two were composed of five dimensions including academic performance, physical fitness, social communication, appearance, and self-esteem. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the total scale and the two sub-scale all had good structural validity (RMSEA≤0.08; CFI&IFI ≥ 0.9), and the combined reliability and values (such as the correlation coefficient of each dimension) of the two sub-scale were within the ideal range. With good reliability and validity (Cronbacα&KMO ≥ 0.90), and meeting the requirements of psychometrics, the scale can be used in the relevant research and practice of inferiority compensation for high school students.

Indexed as

LearningMental DisordersPsychometricsSelf ConceptStudentsHumansReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesChineseInferiority-compensationOthers- compensationScale developmentSchool studentsSelf-compensation

Identifiers

PMID36635748
PMCPMC9837908

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.