Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36644336›Full record

ReviewThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2023

Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination.

Omid Gholizadeh, Sama Akbarzadeh, Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Marjan Gholami, Parya Amini, Zahra Yekanipour, Raheleh Tabatabaie, Saman Yasamineh, Parastoo Hosseini, Vahdat Poortahmasebi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Omid GholizadehDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6437
Sama AkbarzadehDepartment of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-1271
Mohamad Ghazanfari HashemiDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Marjan GholamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Parya AminiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6728-0471
Zahra YekanipourInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Raheleh TabatabaieDepartment of Immunology, Medical Sciences University of Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran.
Saman YasaminehInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Parastoo HosseiniDepartment of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-5796
Vahdat PoortahmasebiDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-2121
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences · IRTehran University of Medical Sciences · IRHamedan University of Medical Sciences · IRIslamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch · IRUniversity of Tabriz · IRYasuj University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the well-known viruses that cause hepatitis all around the globe. Although this illness has decreased in developed countries due to extensive immunization, numerous developing and under-developed countries are struggling with this virus. HAV infection can be spread by oral-fecal contact, and there are frequent epidemics through nutrition. Improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary circumstances have caused a shift in the disease's prevalence worldwide. Younger children are usually asymptomatic, but as they become older, the infection symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms range from slight inflammation and jaundice to acute liver failure in older individuals. While an acute infection may be self-limiting, unrecognized persistent infections, and the misapplication of therapeutic methods based on clinical guidelines are linked to a higher incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fortunately, most patients recover within two months of infection, though 10-15% of patients will relapse within the first six months. A virus seldom leads to persistent infection or liver damage. The mainstay of therapy is based on supportive care. All children from 12-23 months, as well as some susceptible populations, should receive routine vaccinations, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Laboratory diagnosis of HAV is based on antigen detection, checking liver enzyme levels, and antibody screening. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has identified HAV in suspected nutrition sources; therefore, this technique is used for preventative measures and food-related laws.

Identifiers

PMID36644336
PMCPMC9833905
OpenAlexW4313490200

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.