ArticleNutrients2023
Association of Blood Urea Nitrogen with Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in USA Adults: Results from NHANES 1999-2006.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between trimethylamine N-oxide and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio, systemic inflammation response index and diabetic macrovascular complications in Chinese inpatients: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Admission blood pressure percentiles and in-hospital mortality in pediatric heart failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Genetic insights into blood urea nitrogen as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study in East Asians.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between blood urea nitrogen levels and mortality in critical acute ischemic stroke patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors for kidney stones in patients with hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of HANBAH score in evaluating mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Predictive value of combined detection of blood Urea nitrogen and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for identifying severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis in neonates.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploration of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Identifying pathways to cardiovascular mortality by causal graphical models and mediation analysis among hypertensive patients: insights from a prospective study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Relative Humidity on Heat Stress Responses in Early-Lactation Holstein Cows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Application of interpretable machine learning algorithms to predict macroangiopathy risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Increased blood urea nitrogen levels and compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Moderating Role of Anemia on the Association between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertension.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of specific risk factors and predictive analytics for cardio-cerebral arterial stenosis: a comparative study utilizing framingham risk stratification insights.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Identifying key covariates of clinical outcomes for critically ill patients with Parkinson's disease: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Acute Kidney Injury Prognosis Prediction Using Machine Learning Methods: A Systematic Review.Kidney medicine · 2025Review
- Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the general population, there is little evidence of a link between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and long-term mortality. The goal of this study was to explore whether higher BUN concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. From 1999 to 2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included 17,719 adult individuals. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD and all-cause mortality in individuals. We also performed stratified analyses based on age, gender, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension and diabetes. During a mean follow-up 11.65 years, a total of 3628 deaths were documented, of which 859 were due to CVD. Participants with higher BUN had a higher risk of CVD and all-cause death compared to those with lower BUN. After multifactor adjustment for demographics, major lifestyle factors, and hypertension and diabetes history, higher BUN levels compared with lower levels were significantly associated with higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.48 [1.08, 2.02], P-trend < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.48 [1.28, 1.72], P-trend < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, we found that the trend in the association of BUN with the risk of death remained strong in female subjects. Greater BUN levels were linked to higher CVD and all-cause mortality in the NHANES of American adults. The importance of BUN in predicting death is supported by our research.
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