ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Novel
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unveiling New Horizons: Advancing Technologies in Cosmeceuticals for Anti-Aging Solutions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Microalgae as novel drug-delivery system for biomedical field.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Rectal In Situ Thermosensitive Gel Loaded with Agomelatine-Silver Nanoparticles: Formulation and Characterization.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles as a Promising Approach for Improving Skin Anti-Aging Activity.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2026Review
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Phospholipid Vesicles for Spirulina-Based Dietary Supplement Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vesicular Carriers for Phytochemical Delivery: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques and Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Harnessing Cationic Bilosomes to Create a Green Light-Triggered Nanoplatform for Skin Melanoma Treatment.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Nano-Bilosomal In Situ Gels Containing Anti-Psychotic Clozapine for Treatment of Schizophrenia: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Review of the Latest Investigations of the Health-Enhancing Effects of Selected Properties ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent interest in bioactive compounds from natural sources has led to the evolution of the skin care industry. Efforts to develop biologically active ingredients from natural sources have resulted in the emergence of enhanced skin care products. Spirulina (SPR), a nutritionally enriched cyanobacteria-type microalga, is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. SPR possesses antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Spirulina-loaded bilosomes (SPR-BS), a novel antiaging drug delivery system, were designed for the first time by incorporation in a lecithin−bile salt-integrated system for bypassing skin delivery obstacles. The optimized BS had good entrapment efficiency, small particle size, optimal zeta potential, and sustained drug release pattern. Blank and SPR-loaded BS formulations were safe, with a primary irritancy index of <2 based on the Draize test. In vivo tests were conducted, and photoprotective antiaging effects were evaluated visually and biochemically by analyzing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkling markers following ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation. Results of biochemical marker analysis and histopathological examination confirmed the superior antiaging effect of SPR-BS compared with SPR. Thus, SPR-loaded BS is a promising nanoplatform for SPR delivery, can be used for treating UV-induced skin damage, and offers maximum therapeutic outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.