ReviewThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2023
The effects of progesterone on immune cellular function at the maternal-fetal interface and in maternal circulation.
Review in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Follicular Fluid Biomarkers and IVF/ICSI Outcomes in Normo-Ovulatory Women-A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal kidney adaptation and function in pregnancy: review and perspectives.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Progesterone Exposure in Pregnancy, Obstetric Stabilization, and Developmental Outcomes: A Focused Review of Direct and Indirect Pathways.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Atopic Dermatitis Beyond Cutaneous Inflammation: The Interplay Between Progesterone, Testosterone, Gut Microbiota, and Immune Dysregulation.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Decidual aging in recurrent pregnancy Loss: from regulating networks to therapeutic interventions.npj aging · 2026Review
- Association of the Salivary Progesterone-to-Estradiol Ratio with Threatened Miscarriage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- An Overarching Conceptual Framework for Menstrual Health in Sport Research: Theory, Causality and Validation.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The Pathophysiology of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: Emerging Mechanisms Reviewed by the Preterm Birth International Collaborative.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Maternal Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)+ CD4 T cells promote fertility and fetal tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Factors Influencing HIV Infection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial proteins and peptides in pregnancy: Guardians of the maternal-fetal frontier.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Uterine factor infertility-current understanding and limitations.Uterine research · 2026Review
- Immune Cells in Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Clinical Implications of Progesterone in Preeclampsia.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Menstrual Effluent Derived Immune Cell Composition Is Distinct in Women Using Contraceptives: A Pilot Study.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Fulminant and Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Progesterone is a sex steroid hormone that plays a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This hormone drives numerous maternal physiological adaptations to ensure the continuation of pregnancy and to facilitate fetal growth, including broad and potent modulation of the maternal immune system to promote maternal-fetal tolerance. In this brief review, we provide an overview of the immunomodulatory functions of progesterone in the decidua, placenta, myometrium, and maternal circulation during pregnancy. Specifically, we summarize current evidence of the regulated functions of innate and adaptive immune cells induced by progesterone and its downstream effector molecules in these compartments, including observations in human pregnancy and in animal models. Our review highlights the gaps in knowledge of interactions between progesterone and maternal cellular immunity that may direct future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.