Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36698213›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2023

Inequality of opportunity in health service utilization among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults in China.

Lin Zhu, Mingyao Peng, Luyan Jiang, Zhonghua Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lin ZhuSchool of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
Mingyao PengSchool of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
Luyan JiangSchool of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
Zhonghua WangSchool of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China. wzh04@njmu.edu.cn.
Nanjing Medical University · CN

Funding

The major research project of philosophy and social sciences in colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province 2021SJZDA148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe inequality caused by circumstances is known as "inequality of opportunity" (IOp). Many scholars have studied IOp in the health field, but few studies have quantified contributors to the IOp of health service utilization among middle-aged and elderly people. This study measured the IOp of health service utilization and decomposed the contributors to IOp present among Chinese middle-aged and elderly people.

methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013, 2015 and 2018. A mean-based regression method was adopted to measure the IOp of health service utilization. Shapley-Shorrocks decomposition was used to analyze the main contributors to IOp seen among the middle-aged and elderly.

resultsAlthough the absolute IOp of health service utilization decreased over time, IOp still explains the total inequality to a large extent. The absolute IOp and relative IOp were greatest in the areas of self-treatment and inpatient care utilization, respectively. Shapley decomposition results showed that the out-of-pocket (OOP) ratio contributed most to the IOp of outpatient care utilization; and the residence area highly explains the IOp of inpatient service utilization. Meanwhile, social and economic factors such as work status and income contribute more to the IOp of inpatient care utilization than outpatient and self-treatment.

conclusionsStrategies aimed at achieving equal opportunities remain necessary to ensure the fairness of health service utilization. Policies and measures should further adjust the medical insurance compensation policies, and pay more attention to the middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas, optimize health resource allocation, improve the social security systems, and narrow the socioeconomic gap between urban and rural areas in China.

Indexed as

Health service utilizationInequality of opportunityMiddle-aged and elderly

Identifiers

PMID36698213
PMCPMC9878938
OpenAlexW4317941319

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.