ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2023
Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-thinking the link between exposure to mercury and blood pressure.Archives of toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Pooled it
- Improving the selenium supply of vegans and omnivores with Brazil nut butter compared to a dietary supplement in a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Selenium: From Redox Signaling to Interactions with the Gut Microbiome.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Graded selenium supplementation restructures yak colostrum composition and metabolomic organization under high-altitude conditions.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Anti-Aging Potential of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and Selenium/Polysaccharides Nanoconjugate Biosynthesized byAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Environmental and Population Biomonitoring of Selenium in Eastern Croatia.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- DIA-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Adaptive Responses and Potential Mechanisms of Se(IV) Resistance inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Exploring the Potential of Bovine Whey Fermentation by Non-Selenized and SelenizedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Potential Use of Grape Pomace for the Development of New Products: Study of Inorganic Elements Through Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Selenium in Agricultural Products: Advances in Detection of Total Content and Speciation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vascular Aging and Atherosclerosis: The Modulatory Impact of Selenium-A Comprehensive Review.Cells · 2026Review
- Influence of Ripening Stage and Selenium Biofortification on Cherry Tomato Quality During Cold Storage.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Selenium Bioaccumulation inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The role of nutrition on thyroid health and disease: myths and facts.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Iodine and selenium intakes and status and thyroid function in midlife women with low bread intakes in New Zealand.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2026Article
- Selenium-Biofortified Probiotics: A Synergistic Microbial-Nutritional Strategy Against Exercise-Induced Stress.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dietary Exposure to Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in the Portuguese Population: A Total Diet Study Approach.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Amino Acid Accumulation by the YeastMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating human biomonitoring into food safety risk assessment: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Current research in food science · 2026Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to identify evidence regarding excess selenium intake and clinical effects and potential biomarkers of effect, risk of chronic diseases and impaired neuropsychological development in humans. Alopecia, as an early observable feature and a well-established adverse effect of excess selenium exposure, is selected as the critical endpoint on which to base a UL for selenium. A lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of 330 μg/day is identified from a large randomised controlled trial in humans (the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)), to which an uncertainty factor of 1.3 is applied. A UL of 255 μg/day is established for adult men and women (including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for children are derived from the UL for adults using allometric scaling (body weight
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.