ReviewThe New phytologist2023
How to build a lichen: from metabolite release to symbiotic interplay.
Review in The New phytologist, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Biocrust Architecture and Dispersal: Reproductive Ecology of Lichens of the Grit Crust in the Coastal Atacama Desert.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Siderophore production by the lichen fungus Xanthoria parietina supports its algal symbiont.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Symbiotic Versatility in Action: Trebouxia Diversity Expands the Niche of the Lichen Xanthoria parietina.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Usnic Acid and Its Topical Use-A Concise Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lichen Extracts Containing Volatile Compounds Induce Oxidative Stress and Modulate the Growth ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis by Endophytic Fungi and Its Association with Plant-Fungus Interactions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling Lichen's Hidden Arsenal Against Multidrug Resistance: A Systematic Review of Their Essential Oils, Volatile Compounds and Extracts with Antimicrobial Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Functional redundancy and stability support the resilience of the Evernia prunastri holobiont under urbanization.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Structural Features of Algal and Fungal GATA Transcription Factors may Play a Role in Symbiosis.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Convergent symbioses: morphology, life history, and niche specialization in coral and lichen mutualisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Poikilohydria, polyols, and homeoviscosity: lichen metabolomic remodeling across environmental gradients.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Lichens in times of climate change - impacts and responses especially in boreal and polar ecosystems.MycoKeys · 2026Review
- Semilichen, an unjustly neglected symbiotic system between green biofilms and true lichens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fungal and algal lichen symbionts show different transcriptional expression patterns in two climate zones.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling the ecological processes driving soil and lichen microbiome assembly along an urbanization gradient.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Lichens are a treasure chest of bioactive compounds: fact or fake?The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Distinct bacteria display genus and species-specific associations with mycobionts in paramo lichens in Colombia.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Cooperation and Competition Were Primary Driving Forces for Biological Evolution.Microbial physiology · 2025Review
- Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere.IMA fungus · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Comparisons Reveal Extensive Divergence Within the Lichen Photobiont Genus, Trebouxia.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exposing their vegetative bodies to the light, lichens are outstanding amongst other fungal symbioses. Not requiring a pre-established host, 'lichenized fungi' build an entirely new structure together with microbial photosynthetic partners that neither can form alone. The signals involved in the transition of a fungus and a compatible photosynthetic partner from a free-living to a symbiotic state culminating in thallus formation, termed 'lichenization', and in the maintenance of the symbiosis, are poorly understood. Here, we synthesise the puzzle pieces of the scarce knowledge available into an updated concept of signalling involved in lichenization, comprising five main stages: (1) the 'pre-contact stage', (2) the 'contact stage', (3) 'envelopment' of algal cells by the fungus, (4) their 'incorporation' into a pre-thallus and (5) 'differentiation' into a complex thallus. Considering the involvement of extracellularly released metabolites in each phase, we propose that compounds such as fungal lectins and algal cyclic peptides elicit early contact between the symbionts-to-be, whereas phytohormone signalling, antioxidant protection and carbon exchange through sugars and sugar alcohols are of continued importance throughout all stages. In the fully formed lichen thallus, secondary lichen metabolites and mineral nutrition are suggested to stabilize the functionalities of the thallus, including the associated microbiota.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.