ReviewNature and science of sleep2023
Targeting Orexin Receptors for the Treatment of Insomnia: From Physiological Mechanisms to Current Clinical Evidence and Recommendations.
Review in Nature and science of sleep, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy for Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Nutritional and Botanical Interventions.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- A randomised crossover trial of daridorexant for the treatment of chronic insomnia and nocturia.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Assessing the Real-World, Long-Term Impact of Lemborexant on Sleep Quality in a Home-Based Clinical Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Trial
- Optimizing patient outcomes and empowering the patient-clinician partnership.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Review
- Randomised Evaluation of Sleep in Cognitive Impairment Trial (REST)-Protocol for a Feasibility Study of a Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Sleep regulates drug seeking and relapse - a perspective.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Effects of lemborexant and zolpidem on sleep electroencephalography in older adults with insomnia: a randomized trial.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Current and novel dual orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia: the emergence of vornorexant.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Modulation of brain oscillations by continuous theta burst stimulation in patients with insomnia.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Targeting the Orexin System in the Pharmacological Management of Insomnia and Other Diseases: Suvorexant, Lemborexant, Daridorexant, and Novel Experimental Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A new direction for adjunctive therapy of difficult-to-treat depression: examining the role of orexin receptor antagonists.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Orexin receptors: possible therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective effects of rTMS in chronic insomnia: is glymphatic system modulation the key player?Sleep · 2025Article
- Systemic role of orexin A, substance P, bradykinin, and DABK in severe COVID-19 and 2.5-yr follow-ups: an observational study.BJA open · 2025Article
- The Orexin System and Its Impact on the Autonomic Nervous and Cardiometabolic System in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Intersection of Sleep Disorders and Parkinson Disease: Unveiling the Bidirectional Relationship.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Review
- Space exploration and lifestyle medicine: a narrative review of its implications for astronaut health and remote Earth-based environments.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Sleep Disturbances Associated with Different Systems of the Body: Underlying Mechanisms Involved and Consequences.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Cortical excitability and brain function in patients with insomnia: a pilot transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After a detailed description of orexins and their roles in sleep and other medical disorders, we discuss here the current clinical evidence on the effects of dual (DORAs) or selective (SORAs) orexin receptor antagonists on insomnia with the aim to provide recommendations for their further assessment in a context of personalized and precision medicine. In the last decade, many trials have been conducted with orexin receptor antagonists, which represent an innovative and valid therapeutic option based on the multiple mechanisms of action of orexins on different biological circuits, both centrally and peripherally, and their role in a wide range of medical conditions which are often associated with insomnia. A very interesting aspect of this new category of drugs is that they have limited abuse liability and their discontinuation does not seem associated with significant rebound effects. Further studies on the efficacy of DORAs are required, especially on children and adolescents and in particular conditions, such as menopause. Which DORA is most suitable for each patient, based on comorbidities and/or concomitant treatments, should be the focus of further careful research. On the contrary, studies on SORAs, some of which seem to be appropriate also in insomnia in patients with psychiatric diseases, are still at an early stage and, therefore, do not allow to draw definite conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.