SynthesisBMJ open diabetes research & care2023
Major malformations risk following early pregnancy exposure to metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06064669 (Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrauterine metformin exposure and adiposity outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Metformin Treatment in PCOS Pregnancies Reduces Maternal Infections and Increases the Risk of Allergies and Eczema in the Offspring: Post Hoc Analyses of Two Randomised Controlled Trials and One Follow-Up Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Controversial effects of metformin on human physiology and pathophysiology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Effects of Maternal Endocrinopathies and Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors During Pregnancy on the Fetus and Newborn.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Opportunities, benefits, and clinical challenges.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- A narrative review of metformin in pregnancy: Navigating benefit and uncertainty.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: unraveling multi-stage therapeutic mechanisms from puberty to long-term health outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Advances in the treatment of glioma-related signaling pathways and mechanisms by metformin.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Strategy advancements in placental pharmacokinetics: fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Metformin use in pregnancy: What about long-term effects in offspring?Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Second-Line Antidiabetics in Early Pregnancy.JAMA internal medicine · 2024Observational
- Identification and validation of senescence-related genes in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- Review
- Management of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin is considered as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and an effective treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, evidence regarding its safety in pregnancy is limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of major congenital malformations (MCMs) risk after first-trimester exposure to metformin in women with PCOS and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies with a control group investigating risk of MCM after first-trimester pregnancy exposure to metformin were searched until December 2021. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated separately according to indications and study type using Mantel-Haenszel method; outcome data were combined using random-effects model. Eleven studies (two RCTs; nine observational cohorts) met the inclusion criteria: four included pregnant women with PCOS, four included those with PGDM and three evaluated both indications separately and were considered in both indication groups. In PCOS group, there were two RCTs (57 exposed, 52 control infants) and five observational studies (472 exposed, 1892 control infants); point estimates for MCM rates in RCTs and observational studies were OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.09 to 9.21) (I
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.