ArticleEnvironment international2023
Ovarian volume partially explains associations of phthalate biomarkers with anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol in midlife women.
Article in Environment international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic Effects of Exposure to Phthalates on Cardiac Injury Biomarkers: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.F&S science · 2025Article
- The functional ovarian anatomy of 492 women aged 18-22 years: a population-based study in Norway.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Associations of bisphenol and phthalate exposure and anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women of reproductive age.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Phthalate metabolites and sex steroid hormones in relation to obesity in US adults: NHANES 2013-2016.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Toxicological evaluation of bisphenol analogues: preventive measures and therapeutic interventions.RSC advances · 2023Review
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8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesWomen are ubiquitously exposed to endocrine disruptors, including phthalates. Ovarian follicles undergoing folliculogenesis (indirectly measured by ovarian volume) produce anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2). We evaluated associations of phthalates with ovarian volume to assess whether this explained prior positive associations of phthalates with AMH and E2.
methodsWomen ages 45-54 years (n = 614) had transvaginal ultrasounds of right/left ovaries to calculate mean ovarian volume. Women provided up-to-four urine and blood samples for quantifying AMH (first serum sample), E2 (all serum samples), and nine phthalate metabolites (from pooled urine, representing six parent phthalates). Multivariable linear or logistic regression models (for individual phthalate biomarkers), as well as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression (for mixture analyses) evaluated associations of phthalate biomarkers with ovarian volume. Using cross-sectional mediation analysis, we assessed whether associations of phthalates with ovarian volume partially explained those of phthalates with AMH or E2.
resultsMost women were non-Hispanic White (68%) and pre-menopausal (67%) with higher urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations than U.S. women. In single-pollutant models, 10% increases in mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) were associated with 0.44% (95% CI: -0.02%, 0.91%) and 0.62% (95% CI: 0.02%, 1.23%) larger ovarian volumes, respectively. As a cumulative mixture, 10% increases in the phthalate mixture were associated with 2.89% larger ovarian volume (95%CI: 0.27, 5.59) with MCPP (35%) and MBzP (41%) identified as major contributors. Higher ovarian volume due to a 10% increase in MBzP (indirect effect OR: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01) explained 16% of the positive association between MBzP and higher AMH, whereas higher ovarian volume due to a 10% increase in MCPP (indirect effect %Δ: 0.11; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.22) explained 23% of the positive association between MCPP and E2.
conclusionIn this cross-sectional study, phthalates were associated with increased ovarian volume, with implications for midlife hormone production.
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