Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36725776›Full record

ArticleJournal of personality2024

Rural-urban differences in personality traits and well-being in adulthood.

Olivia E Atherton, Emily C Willroth, Eileen K Graham, Jing Luo, Daniel K Mroczek, Marquita W Lewis-Thames

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of personality, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Lifespan exposures to rural-urban conditions and later-life cognitive function.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Olivia E AthertonDepartment of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5766-6901
Emily C WillrothDepartment of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4780-6883
Eileen K GrahamDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3095-4625
Jing LuoDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1334-4710
Daniel K MroczekDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3748-5059
Marquita W Lewis-ThamesDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5909-7167

Funding

U19 MIDlife in the United States-Diversity Supplement-WellsU19AG051426 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAROL D. RYFF · 2016 to 2026
$74.8M
Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NUCATS)UL1TR001422 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI D'AQUILA, RICHARD · 2015 to 2023
$56.8M
STATISTICS COREP01AG020166 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J · 2002 to 2015
$50.6M
Integrative Pathways to Cognitive, Affective, and Brain HealthU01AG077928 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sterling C Johnson, MARGIE E LACHMAN · 2022 to 2026
$17.7M
The Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC) at Northwestern UniversityP30AG059988 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ACKERMANN, RONALD T. · 2020 to 2024
$7.1M
PERSONALITY AND WELL BEING TRAJECTORIES IN ADULTHOODR01AG018436 · NIA · PURDUE UNIVERSITY WEST LAFAYETTE · PI MROCZEK, DANIEL K. · 2000 to 2020
$6.7M
Boston Early Adversity and Mortality Study (BEAMS): Linking Administrative Data to Long-Term Longitudinal StudiesRF1AG064006 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LEE, LEWINA ONYI, MROCZEK, DANIEL K. · 2019 to 2023
$3.8M
Improving adherence to posttreatment follow-up care for rural lung cancer survivors through a community-clinical survivorship care team modelK01CA262342 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LEWIS, MARQUITA W. · 2021 to 2025
$801k
Well-being as a Protective Factor against Cognitive Decline and Dementia RiskK99AG071838 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI WILLROTH, EMILY C · 2021 to 2022
$114k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NCI NIH HHS K01 CA262342NCI NIH HHS K01-CA262342NIA NIH HHS K99 AG071838NIA NIH HHS P01 AG020166NIA NIH HHS P30 AG059988NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018436NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG064006NIA NIH HHS U01 AG077928NIA NIH HHS U19 AG051426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOne large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change.

methodThe present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood.

resultsMultilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change.

conclusionsWe discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.

Indexed as

PersonalityPersonality DisordersAdultHumansLongitudinal StudiesNeuroticismPersonality InventoryBig FiveHRSlife satisfactionlongitudinalMIDUSpsychological well-beingrurality

Identifiers

PMID36725776
PMCPMC10390645

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.