ArticleFrontiers in genetics2022
The role of smoking and alcohol in mediating the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with the incidence of multiple cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Application of Mendelian randomized research method in oncology research: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Extraesophageal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Review
- Effect of comorbid gastroesophageal reflux disease on laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: Clinical characteristics and risk factors.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- Metabolites and coronary heart disease: A two sample Mendelian randomization.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- A multi-level investigation of the genetic relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a positive association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer, but due to the existence of confounders, it remains undetermined whether gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a causal association with lung cancer. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between the two conditions. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized with summary genetic data from the European Bioinformatics Institute (602,604 individuals) and International Lung Cancer Consortium, which provides information on lung cancer and its histological subgroups. Furthermore, we used two-step Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate whether smoking initiation (311,629 cases and 321,173 controls) and alcohol intake frequency (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.