Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2023
Pre-Meal Whey Protein Alters Postprandial Insulinemia by Enhancing β-Cell Function and Reducing Insulin Clearance in T2D.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nutrient intake order on metabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Elevations in plasma glucagon are associated with reduced insulin clearance after ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal in people with and without type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Trial
- Research on the mechanism of cow milk protein dietary intervention in ameliorating systemic chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes by disrupting the ROS-M1 macrophage axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of White Kidney Beans (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition, Muscular Strength, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Pairwise Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From meal to malfunction: exploring molecular pathways, biomarkers and interventions in postprandial cardiometabolic health.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Dietary factors and risk for adverse pregnancy outcome: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary impact on fasting and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in different metabolic conditions - a narrative review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Review
- Manipulation of Post-Prandial Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes: An Update for Practitioners.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextTreatments that reduce postprandial glycemia (PPG) independent of stimulating insulin secretion are appealing for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consuming pre-meal whey protein (WP) reduces PPG by delaying gastric emptying and increasing plasma insulin concentrations. However, its effects on β-cell function and insulin kinetics remains unclear.
objectiveTo examine the PPG-regulatory effects of pre-meal WP by modeling insulin secretion rates (ISR), insulin clearance, and β-cell function.
methodsThis was a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design study in 18 adults with T2D (HbA1c, 56.7 ± 8.8 mmol/mol) who underwent 2 240-minute mixed-meal tolerance tests. Participants consumed WP (15 g protein) or placebo (0 g protein) 10 minutes before a mixed-macronutrient breakfast meal. PPG, pancreatic islet, and incretin hormones were measured throughout. ISR was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution. Estimates of insulin clearance and β-cell function were modeled from glucose, insulin, and ISR. Changes in PPG incremental area under the curve (iAUC; prespecified) and insulin clearance (post hoc) were measured.
resultsβ-cell function was 40% greater after WP (P = .001) and was accompanied with a -22% reduction in postprandial insulin clearance vs placebo (P < .0001). Both the peak change and PPG iAUC were reduced by WP (-1.5 mmol/L and -16%, respectively; both P < .05). Pre-meal WP augmented a 5.9-fold increase in glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 iAUC (both P < .0001), and a 1.5-fold increase in insulin iAUC (P < .001). Although the plasma insulin response was greater following WP, ISR was unaffected (P = .133).
conclusionIn adults with T2D, pre-meal WP reduced PPG by coordinating an enhancement in β-cell function with a reduction in insulin clearance. This enabled an efficient postprandial insulinemic profile to be achieved without requiring further β-cell stimulation.Trial registry ISRCTN ID: ISRCTN17563146 Website link: www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17563146.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.