ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2023
Improving the study of brain-behavior relationships by revisiting basic assumptions.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Not All Stroop-Type Tasks Are Alike: Assessing the Impact of Stimulus Material, Task Design, and Cognitive Demand via Meta-analyses Across Neuroimaging Studies.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Psychopathy and medial frontal cortex: A systematic review reveals predominantly null relationships.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Mechanistic studies in pathological health anxiety: A systematic review and emerging conceptual framework.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Speech markers of psychological change following a psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT retreat.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- A neural signature of sleep deprivation in the human brain.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Selectivity for high-level language processing is highly localized in individual brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Feature selection leads to divergent neurobiological interpretations of brain-based machine learning biomarkers.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Neural Markers of Interocular Grouping During Binocular Rivalry With MEG.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Cognitive-Behavioral Predictors of Individual Variability of Functional Connectivity in Healthy Young Adults.Research square · 2026Article
- Task and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modeling of Brain-Behavior Relationships in Developmental Cohorts.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Childhood environment clusters reveal heterogeneous associations between large-scale brain networks and youth mental health symptoms.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Dense longitudinal neuroimaging reveals individual brain change trajectories.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- MambaKAN: An Interpretable Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis via Selective State Space Modeling of Dynamic Functional Connectivity.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Brain Changes Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Improvement in Response to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Rethinking category-selectivity in human visual cortex.Cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Task Failure in Endurance Sports: A Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The inadequacy of normative ratings for building stimulus sets in affective science.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Spontaneous brain regional dynamics contribute to generalizable brain-behaviour associations.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Rethinking the centrality of brain areas in understanding functional organization.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Intrinsic network static and dynamic functional connectivity associated with induced affect.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroimaging research has been at the forefront of concerns regarding the failure of experimental findings to replicate. In the study of brain-behavior relationships, past failures to find replicable and robust effects have been attributed to methodological shortcomings. Methodological rigor is important, but there are other overlooked possibilities: most published studies share three foundational assumptions, often implicitly, that may be faulty. In this paper, we consider the empirical evidence from human brain imaging and the study of non-human animals that calls each foundational assumption into question. We then consider the opportunities for a robust science of brain-behavior relationships that await if scientists ground their research efforts in revised assumptions supported by current empirical evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.