ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2022
Associations between
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saliva as a matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease biomarkers in children and adolescents.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Carboxylesterase Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Activity of Common Antiviral Medications Used for SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Dopamine Transporter andJournal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Regulation of carboxylesterases and its impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: an up-to-date review.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Methylphenidate is the most prescribed stimulant to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite its widespread usage, a fair proportion of children are classified as non-responders to the medication. Variability in response and occurrence of adverse events with methylphenidate use may be due to several factors, including drug-drug interactions as well as pharmacogenetic differences resulting in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic variances within the general population. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of carboxylesterase 1 ( Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents who met the inclusion criteria and had a routine visit during the enrollment period were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria included: ADHD diagnosis by a healthcare provider, between 6 and 16 years of age at the time of permission/assent, had not previously been prescribed methylphenidate, and treatment with any methylphenidate formulation for at least three consecutive months. Three months of records were reviewed in order to assess changes in dose and frequency of discontinuing methylphenidate. Participants' ADHD symptoms, medication response, adverse effects, select vitals, and dose were extracted from the electronic health record. Saliva samples were collected by trained study coordinators. Haplotypes were assigned based on copy number in different portions of the CES1 gene. Due to limited numbers, diplotypes (combinations of two haplotypes) were grouped for analysis as CES1A1/CES1A1, CES1A1/CES1A1c and CES1A1c/CES1A1c. Results: A total of 99 participants ( Discussion: Variation in CES1 activity may impact dose requirements in children who are prescribed methylphenidate, as well as other CES1 substrates. Although intriguing, this study is limited by the retrospective nature and relatively small sample size.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.