Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36766445›Full record

ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Feature Transformation for Efficient Blood Glucose Prediction in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Hatim Butt, Ikramullah Khosa, Muhammad Aksam Iftikhar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Imputation of Missing Continuous Glucose Monitor Data.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hatim ButtDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan.
Ikramullah KhosaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-9149-9358
Muhammad Aksam IftikharDepartment of Computer Science, Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus, a metabolic disease, causes the body to lose control over blood glucose regulation. With recent advances in self-monitoring systems, a patient can access their personalized glycemic profile and may utilize it for efficient prediction of future blood glucose levels. An efficient diabetes management system demands the accurate estimation of blood glucose levels, which, apart from using an appropriate prediction algorithm, depends on discriminative data representation. In this research work, a transformation of event-based data into discriminative continuous features is proposed. Moreover, a multi-layered long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network is developed for the prediction of blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. The proposed method is used to forecast the blood glucose level on a prediction horizon of 30 and 60 min. The results are evaluated for three patients using the Ohio T1DM dataset. The proposed scheme achieves the lowest RMSE score of 14.76 mg/dL and 25.48 mg/dL for prediction horizons of 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The suggested methodology can be utilized in closed-loop systems for precise insulin delivery to type 1 patients for better glycemic control.

Indexed as

blood glucose predictiondiabetes mellitusforecastinglong short-term memory

Identifiers

PMID36766445
PMCPMC9913914

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.