Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Correlation between UV Index, Temperature and Humidity with Respect to Incidence and Severity of COVID 19 in Spain.
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of temperature and humidity on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The bounds of meta-analytics and an alternative method.Epidemiology and health · 2024Pooled it
- Systemic effects of sunlight: 10-year review of cardiovascular, infection and cancer outcomes.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- UV Index from ERA5 reanalysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Acute Respiratory Viral Infections Among Adult Patients in Edirne, Turkey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- The necessity of gestational vitamin D supplementation depends on ambient temperature: concern for infant vitamin D status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Influence of Seasonality and Public-Health Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Europe.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A mixture of mobility and meteorological data provides a high correlation with COVID-19 growth in an infection-naive population: a study for Spanish provinces.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mortality in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The influence of meteorological factors on COVID-19 spread in Italy during the first and second wave.Environmental research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVarious studies support the inverse correlation between solar exposure and Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. In Spain, from the Canary Islands to the northern part of the country, the global incidence of COVID-19 is different depending on latitude, which could be related to different meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet index (UVI). The objective of the present work was to analyze the association between UVI, other relevant environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and the incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 at different latitudes in Spain.
methodsAn observational prospective study was conducted, recording the numbers of new cases, hospitalizations, patients in critical units, mortality rates, and annual variations related to UVI, temperature, and humidity in five different provinces of Spain from January 2020 to February 2021.
resultsStatistically significant inverse correlations (Spearman coefficients) were observed between UVI, temperature, annual changes, and the incidence of COVID-19 cases at almost all latitudes.
conclusionHigher ultraviolet radiation levels and mean temperatures could contribute to reducing COVID-19 incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.