ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic strategies for olfactory impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of olfactory function testing for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of olfactory training for chronic olfactory disorder following COVID-19: a systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Partial Middle Turbinate Resection Versus Preservation on Olfactory Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialePooled it
- Multisensory virtual reality reduces postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: A single-centre randomised controlled trial.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of a respiratory and neurological rehabilitation treatment plan in post Covid-19 affected university students. Randomized clinical study.Chronic respiratory diseaseTrial
- Intranasal drug delivery to the brain for neurodegenerative diseases: Current efforts and challenges in delivery platforms and modeling.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Entropy-Based Analysis of Olfactory EEG as a Candidate Biomarker for Early Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Nose-brain axis: A bridge from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Olfactory Bulb and Gyrus Rectus Volumes in Alzheimer's Disease: Associations with Eating Disturbances.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Reliability, repeatability, and age associations of the dogSIT (dog Smell Interaction Test) battery in untrained companion dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting Sensory Neuropathies Through Neurotrophin-Based Approaches.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Subjective and objective olfactory dysfunction and its screening value in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Factors Mediate the Relationship Between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modelling.Australasian journal on ageing · 2026Article
- Olfactory dysfunction as a marker of neurodegenerative disease in older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Olfactory decline in aging: longitudinal trajectories and associations with cognitive decline and postmortem neuropathology.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs of prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The study of olfactory ability and its role in neurodegenerative diseases arouses much interest in the scientific community. In neurology, olfactory impairment is a potential early marker for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The loss of smell is considered a clinical sign of early-stage disease and a marker of the disease's progression and cognitive impairment. Highlighting the importance of biological bases of smell and molecular pathways could be fundamental to improve neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies. We focused on the review articles and meta-analyses on olfactory and cognitive impairment. We depicted the neurobiology of olfaction and the most common olfactory tests in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we underlined the close relationship between the olfactory and cognitive deficit due to nasal neuroepithelium, which is a direct extension of the CNS in communication with the external environment. Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative diseases highlights the role of olfactory dysfunction as a clinical marker for early stages of neurodegenerative diseases when it is associated with molecular, clinical, and neuropathological correlations.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.