ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Effects of smoking on the severity and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis: A hospital-based case control study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying the evidence and burden of smoking behaviour on tuberculosis incidence among adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- LncRNAAnnals of medicine · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis in southern Morocco: Retrospective analysis from 2006 to 2012.La Tunisie medicale · 2024Article
- Global and regional estimates of tuberculosis burden attributed to high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2019: emphasis on earlier glycemic control.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis in Adults: Epidemiology and Aspects of Disease Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal analysis of tuberculosis in the Hunan Province, China, 2014-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of Comorbidity in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: There is a high incidence of both smoking and tuberculosis (TB) in China. This study examined the risk factors for severe pulmonary TB (PTB) and positive tubercle bacilli in sputum. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in a tertiary hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 ( Results: Positive tubercle bacilli in sputum and severe PTB were much higher in smoking patients. Together with nutrition status, heavy smoking exhibited a 284% greater risk in severe PTB. Positive tubercle bacilli in sputum was significantly associated with hypoproteinemia and smoking regardless of the status, duration, and degree. Conclusion: Because cigarette smoking was strongly and inversely associated with hypoproteinemia, we conclude that smoking plays a critical role in the severity and transmission of PTB. Smoking cessation interventions should be employed to prevent severe PTB and decrease the transmission of PTB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.