ArticleACR open rheumatology2023
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus May Be a Risk Factor for Antimalarial-Induced Retinopathy Compared With Other Rheumatologic Diseases.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Risk Factors, Screening, and Emerging Biomarkers.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Target in Sight: A Comprehensive Review of Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Bull's Eye Maculopathy.Current ophthalmology reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the pattern and risk factors for antimalarial (AM)-induced retinopathy in patients with rheumatic diseases.
methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at an urban Canadian center for patients with AM use of more than 3 months and documented retinopathy screening. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for retinopathy. Sensitivity analyses included stratification of analysis by method of screening and by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) versus chloroquine (CQ).
resultsA total of 613 patients were included in the final analysis, with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 259) as the most common diagnosis. Definite AM-induced retinal toxicity was observed in 12 patients, 11 of whom had SLE. The earliest diagnosis of toxicity occurred after 5.4 years of AM therapy, and the prevalence beyond 5 years was 3.1%. In univariate analysis, a diagnosis of SLE (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR]: 15.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01-122.05), the daily weight-based dose of HCQ (P = 0.044; OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01-2.20), cumulative CQ dose (P = 0.014; OR: 4.80; CI: 1.37-16.84), and daily CQ weight-based dose (P = 0.0001; OR: 5.70; 95% CI: 2.41-13.49) were significantly associated with toxicity. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis of SLE (P = 0.022; OR: 12.14; 95% CI: 1.44-102.44) and daily CQ weight-based dose (P = 0.005; OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.83-26.75) were significant after adjusting for standard covariates.
conclusionThe risk of AM-induced retinopathy increases after 5 years of therapy. There may be higher rates of toxicity in patients with SLE because of longer duration of treatment, higher weight-based dosages, and more CQ use in this population, and SLE may be an independent risk factor.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.