ArticleBMJ open2023
Urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) and female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) in Cameroon: an observational assessment of key reproductive health determinants of girls and women in the Matta Health Area.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular, parasitological and clinical diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis: A diagnostic yield and comparative accuracy study using latent class analysis.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported symptoms suggestive of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) among women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- IL-17A and IFN-α associated with female genital schistosomiasis lesions.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis and pre-emptive treatment with praziquantel: a community-based pilot intervention study in Tiko, Cameroon.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- The burden and risk factors of female genital schistosomiasis in two schistosomiasis-endemic states of Nigeria.International health · 2025Article
- An investigation of female genital schistosomiasis and associated genital infections in Southern Malawi.Parasitology · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices toward Female Genital Schistosomiasis among women living in communities along the Volta Lake in Volta Region, Ghana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The impact of Schistosoma haematobium hybridization on molecular diagnosis of schistosomiasis: A review with emphasis on female genital schistosomiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Priority knowledge gaps for schistosomiasis research and development in the World Health Organization Africa Region.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- The burden of visually diagnosed female genital schistosomiasis among women with infertility in the Volta Region of Ghana.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Acceptability and feasibility of integrating female genital schistosomiasis and sexual and reproductive health interventions in Kenya: A demonstration study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Breaking the silence of female genital schistosomiasis in Ghana's health system: A case of health workers within the FAST project.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Illness experiences and mental health challenges associated with female genital schistosomiasis in Cameroon: a gender analysis.International health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND
settingAcross sub-Saharan Africa, urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), in particular female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), is a significant waterborne parasitic disease, with its direct burden on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of sufferers infrequently measured. UGS has an established control plan, which in most endemic regions as in Cameroon, still excludes FGS considerations. Highlighting existent associations between UGS and FGS could increase the management of FGS within UGS interventions. This study seeks to identify current associations among FGS and UGS with some reproductive health indicators, to provide formative information for better integrated control.
participants304 females aged 5-69 years were all examined for UGS by urine filtration and microscopy. Among these, 193 women and girls were eligible for clinical FGS assessment based on age (>13). After selective questioning for FGS symptoms, a subgroup of 67 women and girls consented for clinical examination for FGS using portable colposcopy, with observed sequelae classified according to the WHO FGS pocket atlas. OUTCOME: Overall UGS and FGS prevalence was measured, with FGS-related/UGS-related reproductive health symptoms recorded. Associations between FGS and UGS were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
resultsOverall UGS prevalence was 63.8% (194/304), where FGS prevalence (subgroup) was 50.7% (34/67). FGS manifestation increased significantly with increasing age, while a significant decrease with ascending age was observed for UGS. Lower abdominal pain (LAP) vaginal itches (VI) and coital pain (CP) were identified as the main significant shared symptoms of both FGS and UGS, while LAP with menstrual irregularity (MI) appeared a strong symptomatic indicator for FGS.
conclusionLAP, MI, CP and VI are the potential SRH indicators that could be exploited in future for targeting of praziquantel provision to FGS sufferers within primary care, complementary with existing praziquantel distribution for UGS sufferers in
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