ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune responses in mildly versus critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic inflammation index, disease severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Computational proteomics to enhance personalized treatment of COVID-19 and Long COVID.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- COVID-19 immunopathological features for the prediction and prevention of future emerging respiratory viral infections.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Immune-Based Biomarkers as Predictors of Mortality in ECMO Therapy for Severe COVID-19 ARDS: Insights from a Retrospective Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Review
- Nerve- and airway-associated interstitial macrophages mitigate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis via type I interferon signaling.Immunity · 2025Article
- Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Inflammaging and Immunosenescence in the Post-COVID Era: Small Molecules, Big Challenges.ChemMedChem · 2025Review
- Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case-control study in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from household contacts is not affected by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.Gates open research · 2025Article
- Expression of metabolic genes in NK cells is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19: a brief report.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Different patterns of leukocyte immune responses to infection of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- Integrated Bioinformatics Exploration and Preliminary Clinical Verification for the Identification of Crucial Biomarkers in Severe Cases of COVID-19.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization provides causal association between COVID-19 and thyroid cancer: insights from a multi-cancer analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status.Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had devastating effects on the global health and economic system. The cellular and molecular mediators of both the innate and adaptive immune systems are critical in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, dysregulated inflammatory responses and imbalanced adaptive immunity may contribute to tissue destruction and pathogenesis of the disease. Important mechanisms in severe forms of COVID-19 include overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, impairment of type I IFN response, overactivation of neutrophils and macrophages, decreased frequencies of DC cells, NK cells and ILCs, complement activation, lymphopenia, Th1 and Treg hypoactivation, Th2 and Th17 hyperactivation, as well as decreased clonal diversity and dysregulated B lymphocyte function. Given the relationship between disease severity and an imbalanced immune system, scientists have been led to manipulate the immune system as a therapeutic approach. For example, anti-cytokine, cell, and IVIG therapies have received attention in the treatment of severe COVID-19. In this review, the role of immunity in the development and progression of COVID-19 is discussed, focusing on molecular and cellular aspects of the immune system in mild vs. severe forms of the disease. Moreover, some immune- based therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 are being investigated. Understanding key processes involved in the disease progression is critical in developing therapeutic agents and optimizing related strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.